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We propose a framework for descriptively analyzing sets of partial orders based on the concept of depth functions. Despite intensive studies in linear and metric spaces, there is very little discussion on depth functions for non-standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Hannah Blocher , Georg Schollmeyer , Malte Nalenz , Christoph Jansen

We propose a framework for descriptively analyzing sets of partial orders based on the concept of depth functions. Despite intensive studies of depth functions in linear and metric spaces, there is very little discussion on depth functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Hannah Blocher , Georg Schollmeyer , Christoph Jansen , Malte Nalenz

In this article we introduce a notion of depth functions for data types that are not given in standard statistical data formats. We focus on data that cannot be represented by one specific data structure, such as normed vector spaces. This…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Hannah Blocher , Georg Schollmeyer

Statistical depth, a commonly used analytic tool in non-parametric statistics, has been extensively studied for multivariate and functional observations over the past few decades. Although various forms of depth were introduced, they are…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-30 Weilong Zhao , Zishen Xu , Yun Yang , Wei Wu

Data depth is a well-known and useful nonparametric tool for analyzing functional data. It provides a novel way of ranking a sample of curves from the center outwards and defining robust statistics, such as the median or trimmed means. It…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-31 Carlo Sguera , Sara López-Pintado

The concept of depth has proved very important for multivariate and functional data analysis, as it essentially acts as a surrogate for the notion a ranking of observations which is absent in more than one dimension. Motivated by the rapid…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-30 Gery Geenens , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Giacomo Francisci

Functional depth is the functional data analysis technique that orders a functional data set. Unlike the case of data on the real line, defining this order is non-trivial, and particularly, with functional data, there are a number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-29 Alicia Nieto-Reyes , John A. D. Aston

Data depths are score functions that quantify in an unsupervised fashion how central is a point inside a distribution, with numerous applications such as anomaly detection, multivariate or functional data analysis, arising across various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Arturo Castellanos , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

Data depth is a powerful nonparametric tool originally proposed to rank multivariate data from center outward. In this context, one of the most archetypical depth notions is Tukey's halfspace depth. In the last few decades notions of depth…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-27 Hyemin Yeon , Xiongtao Dai , Sara Lopez-Pintado

Statistical data depth plays an important role in the analysis of multivariate data sets. The main outcome is a center-outward ordering of the observations that can be used both to highlight features of the underlying distribution of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Giacomo Francisci , Claudio Agostinelli

Statistical depth measures the centrality of a point with respect to a given distribution or data cloud. It provides a natural center-outward ordering of multivariate data points and yields a systematic nonparametric multivariate analysis…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-30 John H. J. Einmahl , Jun Li , Regina Y. Liu

Heterogeneous data pose serious challenges to data analysis tasks, including exploration and visualization. Current techniques often utilize dimensionality reductions, aggregation, or conversion to numerical values to analyze heterogeneous…

Graphics · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Mahsa Mirzargar , Ross T. Whitaker , Robert M. Kirby

The angular halfspace depth (ahD) is a natural modification of the celebrated halfspace (or Tukey) depth to the setup of directional data. It allows us to define elements of nonparametric inference, such as the median, the inter-quantile…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Stanislav Nagy , Petra Laketa

The low-quality structure in raw depth maps is prevalent in real-world RGB-D datasets, which makes real-world depth recovery a critical task in recent years. However, the lack of paired raw-ground truth (raw-GT) data in the real world poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Delong Suzhang , Meng Yang

The notion of data depth has long been in use to obtain robust location and scale estimates in a multivariate setting. The depth of an observation is a measure of its centrality, with respect to a data set or a distribution. The data depths…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Sara López-Pintado , Rebecka Jornsten

Informatics and technological advancements have triggered generation of huge volume of data with varied complexity in its management and analysis. Big Data analytics is the practice of revealing hidden aspects of such data and making…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Bikram Karmakar , Indranil Mukhopadhyay

In recent years, graph anomaly detection has found extensive applications in various domains such as social, financial, and communication networks. However, anomalies in graph-structured data present unique challenges, including label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yuxuan Cao , Jiarong Xu , Chen Zhao , Jiaan Wang , Carl Yang , Chunping Wang , Yang Yang

A data depth measures the centrality of a point with respect to an empirical distribution. Postulates are formulated, which a depth for functional data should satisfy, and a general approach is proposed to construct multivariate data depths…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-31 Karl Mosler , Yulia Polyakova

In the present paper, we propose a new axiomatic approach to nonstandard analysis and its application to the general theory of spatial structures in terms of category theory. Our framework is based on the idea of internal set theory, while…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-27 Hayato Saigo , Juzo Nohmi

Subsampling or subdata selection is a useful approach in large-scale statistical learning. Most existing studies focus on model-based subsampling methods which significantly depend on the model assumption. In this paper, we consider the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-09 Mei Zhang , Yongdao Zhou , Zheng Zhou , Aijun Zhang
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