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Tokenization -- the process of decomposing a given text into a sequence of subwords called tokens -- is one of the key components in the development of language models. Particularly, auto-regressive language models generate texts token by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Daiki Chijiwa , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoya Ohba , Tamao Sakao , Susumu Takeuchi

Recently, there has been a surge in the use of generated data to enhance the performance of downstream models, largely due to the advancements in pre-trained language models. However, most prevailing methods trained generative and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Tong Wu , Hao Wang , Zhongshen Zeng , Wei Wang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Jiaxing Zhang

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem caused by neural networks' inability to learn data in sequence. After learning two tasks in sequence, performance on the first one drops significantly. This is a serious disadvantage that prevents many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Wojciech Masarczyk , Ivona Tautkute

Pretraining large language models effectively requires strategic data selection, blending and ordering. However, key details about data mixtures especially their scalability to longer token horizons and larger model sizes remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Steven Feng , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Kezhi Kong , Dan Su , Mostofa Patwary , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Synthetic training data has gained prominence in numerous learning tasks and scenarios, offering advantages such as dataset augmentation, generalization evaluation, and privacy preservation. Despite these benefits, the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Jianhao Yuan , Jie Zhang , Shuyang Sun , Philip Torr , Bo Zhao

Fine-tuning a language model often results in a degradation of its existing performance on other tasks, due to a shift in the model parameters; this phenomenon is often referred to as (catastrophic) forgetting. We are interested in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Parikshit Bansal , Sujay Sanghavi

Pre-training of Large Language Models is often prohibitively expensive and inefficient at scale, requiring complex and invasive modifications in order to achieve high data throughput. In this work, we present Token-Superposition Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bowen Peng , Théo Gigant , Jeffrey Quesnelle

We investigate the potential of LLM-generated synthetic data for improving low-resource Machine Translation (MT). Focusing on seven diverse target languages, we construct a document-level synthetic corpus from English Europarl, and extend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ona de Gibert , Joseph Attieh , Teemu Vahtola , Mikko Aulamo , Zihao Li , Raúl Vázquez , Tiancheng Hu , Jörg Tiedemann

Language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in solving reasoning tasks; however, even the strongest models still occasionally make reasoning mistakes. Recently, there has been active research aimed at improving reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Tian Ye , Zicheng Xu , Yuanzhi Li , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu

Grammatical error correction, like other machine learning tasks, greatly benefits from large quantities of high quality training data, which is typically expensive to produce. While writing a program to automatically generate realistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Sudhanshu Kasewa , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Synthetic data generation is an appealing tool for augmenting and enriching datasets, playing a crucial role in advancing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Not only does synthetic data help build robust AI/ML datasets…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 José Pulido , Francesc Wilhelmi , Sergio Fortes , Alfonso Fernández-Durán , Lorenzo Galati Giordano , Raquel Barco

Data availability is a bottleneck during early stages of development of new capabilities for intelligent artificial agents. We investigate the use of text generation techniques to augment the training data of a popular commercial artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Nikolaos Malandrakis , Minmin Shen , Anuj Goyal , Shuyang Gao , Abhishek Sethi , Angeliki Metallinou

The use of synthetically generated data for training models is becoming a common practice. While generated data can augment the training data, repeated training on synthetic data raises concerns about distribution drift and degradation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Daniil Zverev , A. Sophia Koepke , Joao F. Henriques

Synthetic data generation, a cornerstone of Generative Artificial Intelligence, promotes a paradigm shift in data science by addressing data scarcity and privacy while enabling unprecedented performance. As synthetic data becomes more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Xiaotong Shen , Yifei Liu , Rex Shen

Synthetic data is becoming increasingly important for accelerating the development of language models, both large and small. Despite several successful use cases, researchers also raised concerns around model collapse and drawbacks of…

Performances of Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) models are largely determined by the availability of labeled and representative training samples. However, in many application scenarios labeled samples are scarce or costly to obtain. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Fabian Wolf , Gernot A. Fink

Modern deep learning models in computer vision require large datasets of real images, which are difficult to curate and pose privacy and legal concerns, limiting their commercial use. Recent works suggest synthetic data as an alternative,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Farnood Salehi , Vandit Sharma , Amirhossein Askari Farsangi , Tunç Ozan Aydın

The increasing prevalence of synthetic data in training loops has raised concerns about model collapse, where generative models degrade when trained on their own outputs. While prior work focuses on this self-consuming process, we study an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Weiguo Gao , Ming Li

Tokenization is an understudied and often neglected component of modern LLMs. Most published works use a single tokenizer for all experiments, often borrowed from another model, without performing ablations or analysis to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Gautier Dagan , Gabriel Synnaeve , Baptiste Rozière

The rapid growth of voice assistants powered by large language models (LLM) has highlighted a need for speech instruction data to train these systems. Despite the abundance of speech recognition data, there is a notable scarcity of speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Alan Dao , Dinh Bach Vu , Huy Hoang Ha , Tuan Le Duc Anh , Shreyas Gopal , Yue Heng Yeo , Warren Keng Hoong Low , Eng Siong Chng , Jia Qi Yip
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