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The accurate interpretation of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is pivotal for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Integrating ECG signals with accompanying textual reports further holds immense potential to enhance clinical diagnostics by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hung Manh Pham , Aaqib Saeed , Dong Ma

When used with deep learning, the symbolic music modality is often coupled with language model architectures. To do so, the music needs to be tokenized, i.e. converted into a sequence of discrete tokens. This can be achieved by different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Nathan Fradet , Nicolas Gutowski , Fabien Chhel , Jean-Pierre Briot

Large Language Models (LLMs) stand out for their impressive performance in intricate language modeling tasks. However, their demanding computational and memory needs pose obstacles for broad use on edge devices. Quantization is then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xuan Shen , Peiyan Dong , Lei Lu , Zhenglun Kong , Zhengang Li , Ming Lin , Chao Wu , Yanzhi Wang

Quantum computers leverage the unique advantages of quantum mechanics to achieve acceleration over classical computers for certain problems. Currently, various quantum simulators provide powerful tools for researchers, but simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Shuangxiang Zhou , Ronghang Chen , Zheng An , Shi-Yao Hou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in code intelligence tasks such as code generation, summarization, and translation. However, their reliance on linearized token sequences limits their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zeqi Chen , Zhaoyang Chu , Yi Gui , Feng Guo , Yao Wan , Chuan Shi

Recent efforts target spoken language models (SLMs) that not only listen but also speak for more natural human-LLM interaction. Joint speech-text modeling is a promising direction to achieve this. However, the effectiveness of recent speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yi-Chang Chen , Kuan-Yi Lee , Da-Shan Shiu , Hung-yi Lee

Current EEG/MEG-to-text decoding systems suffer from three key limitations: (1) reliance on teacher-forcing methods, which compromises robustness during inference, (2) sensitivity to session-specific noise, hindering generalization across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jilong Li , Zhenxi Song , Jiaqi Wang , Meishan Zhang , Honghai Liu , Min Zhang , Zhiguo Zhang

Interpreting and communicating electrocardiogram (ECG) findings are crucial yet challenging tasks in cardiovascular diagnosis, traditionally requiring significant expertise and precise clinical communication. This paper introduces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Koustav Mallick , Neel Singh , Mohammedreza Hajiarbabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping unsupervised learning by offering an unprecedented ability to perform text clustering based on their deep semantic understanding. However, their direct application is fundamentally limited by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuanjie Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Ke Xu , Weizhi Zhang , Zihe Song , Jindong Wang , Philip S. Yu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a strong alternative to autoregressive language models (LMs). DLMs offer comparable accuracy with faster inference speed via parallel decoding. However, standard DLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hengyu Fu , Baihe Huang , Virginia Adams , Charles Wang , Venkat Srinivasan , Jiantao Jiao

Tokenization is a fundamental step in natural language processing, breaking text into units that computational models can process. While learned subword tokenizers have become the de-facto standard, they present challenges such as large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Pit Neitemeier , Björn Deiseroth , Constantin Eichenberg , Lukas Balles

Language models typically tokenize text into subwords, using a deterministic, hand-engineered heuristic of combining characters into longer surface-level strings such as 'ing' or whole words. Recent literature has repeatedly shown the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Avijit Thawani , Saurabh Ghanekar , Xiaoyuan Zhu , Jay Pujara

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) requires tokenization that efficiently covers many writing systems. Byte-level BPE (BBPE) using UTF-8 is widely adopted for its language-agnostic design and full Unicode coverage, but its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hyunsik Kim , Haeri Kim , Munhak Lee , Kyungmin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to capture extensive world knowledge, yet how this is achieved without direct sensorimotor experience remains a fundamental puzzle. This study proposes a novel theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tadahiro Taniguchi , Ryo Ueda , Tomoaki Nakamura , Masahiro Suzuki , Akira Taniguchi

Transformer models have advanced the state of the art in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new Transformer architecture, Extended Transformer Construction (ETC), that addresses two key challenges of…

In this work we search for best practices in pre-processing of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in order to train better classifiers for the diagnosis of heart conditions. State of the art machine learning algorithms have achieved remarkable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-16 Amir Salimi , Sunil Vasu Kalmady , Abram Hindle , Osmar Zaiane , Padma Kaul

Despite the growing prevalence of large language model (LLM) architectures, a crucial concern persists regarding their energy and power consumption, which still lags far behind the remarkable energy efficiency of the human brain. Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Malyaban Bal , Yi Jiang , Abhronil Sengupta

Neural network language models (LMs) are confronted with significant challenges in generalization and robustness. Currently, many studies focus on improving either generalization or robustness in isolation, without methods addressing both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yudao Sun , Juan Yin , Juan Zhao , Fan Zhang , Yongheng Liu , Hongji Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Tokenizers act as a bridge between human language and the latent space of language models, influencing how language is represented in these models. Due to the immense popularity of English-Centric Large Language Models (LLMs), efforts are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Menan Velayuthan , Kengatharaiyer Sarveswaran