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Related papers: A Survey on LLM Inference-Time Self-Improvement

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Self-reflection on learning experiences constitutes a fundamental cognitive process, essential for the consolidation of knowledge and the enhancement of learning efficacy. However, traditional methods to facilitate reflection often face…

Iterative self-improvement fine-tunes an autoregressive large language model (LLM) on reward-verified outputs generated by the LLM itself. In contrast to the empirical success of self-improvement, the theoretical foundation of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chenruo Liu , Yijun Dong , Yiqiu Shen , Qi Lei

Self-Refinement refers to a model's ability to revise its own responses to produce improved outputs. This capability can also serve as a fundamental mechanism for Self-Improvement, for example, by reconstructing datasets with refined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yongcheng Zeng , Xinyu Cui , Xuanfa Jin , Qirui Mi , Guoqing Liu , Zexu Sun , Mengyue Yang , Dong Li , Weiyu Ma , Ning Yang , Jian Zhao , Jianye Hao , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

This paper presents a simple, effective, and cost-efficient strategy to improve LLM performance by scaling test-time compute. Our strategy builds upon the repeated-sampling-then-voting framework, with a novel twist: incorporating multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jianhao Chen , Zishuo Xun , Bocheng Zhou , Han Qi , Hangfan Zhang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Wei Hu , Yuzhong Qu , Wanli Ouyang , Shuyue Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly surpassing human knowledge in many domains. While improving these models traditionally relies on costly human data, recent self-rewarding mechanisms (Yuan et al., 2024) have shown that LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianhao Wu , Weizhe Yuan , Olga Golovneva , Jing Xu , Yuandong Tian , Jiantao Jiao , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide array of NLP tasks. However, their efficacy is undermined by undesired and inconsistent behaviors, including hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Liangming Pan , Michael Saxon , Wenda Xu , Deepak Nathani , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Data augmentation has been actively studied for robust neural networks. Most of the recent data augmentation methods focus on augmenting datasets during the training phase. At the testing phase, simple transformations are still widely used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Ildoo Kim , Younghoon Kim , Sungwoong Kim

We study the reasoning behavior of large language models (LLMs) under limited computation budgets. In such settings, producing useful partial solutions quickly is often more practical than exhaustive reasoning, which incurs high inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xuanming Zhang , Shwan Ashrafi , Aziza Mirsaidova , Amir H. Rezaeian , Miguel Ballesteros , Lydia B. Chilton , Zhou Yu , Dan Roth

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has focused on test-time scaling to improve reasoning via increased inference computation, but often at the cost of efficiency. We revisit test-time behavior and uncover a simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhen Yang , Mingyang Zhang , Feng Chen , Ganggui Ding , Liang Hou , Xin Tao , Ying-Cong Chen

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success on a broad range of tasks, math reasoning remains a challenging one. One of the approaches for improving math reasoning is self-correction, which designs self-improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xutong Zhao , Tengyu Xu , Xuewei Wang , Zhengxing Chen , Di Jin , Liang Tan , Yen-Ting , Zishun Yu , Zhuokai Zhao , Yun He , Sinong Wang , Han Fang , Sarath Chandar , Chen Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-ended text generation tasks. However, the inherent open-ended nature of these tasks implies that there is always room for improvement in the quality of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Ziqi Wang , Le Hou , Tianjian Lu , Yuexin Wu , Yunxuan Li , Hongkun Yu , Heng Ji

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medicine has enabled impressive capabilities, yet a critical gap remains in their ability to perform systematic, transparent, and verifiable reasoning, a cornerstone of clinical practice.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Meidan Ding , Shiyi Zheng , Shengyuan Liu , Jie Liu , Jiaming Ji , Wenting Chen , Xiang Li , Linlin Shen , Yixuan Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

Steering the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a challenge, particularly in engineering applications where precision and reliability are critical. While fine-tuning and prompting methods can modify model behavior, they lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Paul Darm , James Xie , Annalisa Riccardi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable self-improvement capabilities, whereby models iteratively revise their outputs through self-generated feedback. While this reflective mechanism has shown promise in enhancing task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Liangjie Huang , Dawei Li , Huan Liu , Lu Cheng

Improving the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to the cultural values that they encode has become an increasingly important topic. In this work, we study whether we can exploit existing knowledge about cultural values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

The integration of tools in augmenting large language models presents a novel approach toward enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of these models in handling specific, complex tasks. This paper delves into the methodology,challenges, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhuocheng Shen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

Using more test-time computation during language model inference, such as generating more intermediate thoughts or sampling multiple candidate answers, has proven effective in significantly improving model performance. This paper takes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xingwu Chen , Miao Lu , Beining Wu , Difan Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable versatility across various domains. To further advance LLMs, we propose 'SELF' (Self-Evolution with Language Feedback), a novel approach that enables LLMs to self-improve through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Jianqiao Lu , Wanjun Zhong , Wenyong Huang , Yufei Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Baojun Wang , Weichao Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu