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Entropy governs molecular self-assembly, phase transitions, and material stability, yet remains challenging to quantify and directly control in molecular systems. Here, we demonstrate that the computable information density (CID), a data…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-27 Ashley Z. Guo , Kaelyn Chang , Nicholas J. Corrente

The ability to automatically estimate the quality and coverage of the samples produced by a generative model is a vital requirement for driving algorithm research. We present an evaluation metric that can separately and reliably measure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-31 Tuomas Kynkäänniemi , Tero Karras , Samuli Laine , Jaakko Lehtinen , Timo Aila

Deep neural networks have shown exceptional performance in various tasks, but their lack of robustness, reliability, and tendency to be overconfident pose challenges for their deployment in safety-critical applications like autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Steven Landgraf , Markus Hillemann , Kira Wursthorn , Markus Ulrich

Current interpretability methods focus on explaining a particular model's decision through present input features. Such methods do not inform the user of the sufficient conditions that alter these decisions when they are not desirable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Julia El Zini , Mohammad Mansour , Mariette Awad

How does the information flow between different brain regions during various stimuli? This is the question we aim to address by studying complex cognitive paradigms in terms of Information Theory. To assess creativity and the emergence of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-08 Ania Mesa-Rodríguez , Ernesto Estevez-Rams , Holger Kantz

The one-class classification problem is a well-known research endeavor in pattern recognition. The problem is also known under different names, such as outlier and novelty/anomaly detection. The core of the problem consists in modeling and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Lorenzo Livi , Alireza Sadeghian , Witold Pedrycz

Organizations generate vast amounts of interconnected content across various platforms. While language models enable sophisticated reasoning for use in business applications, retrieving and contextualizing information from organizational…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Adam McCabe , Matthew H. Chequers

The massive developments of generative model frameworks require principled methods for the evaluation of a model's novelty compared to a reference dataset. While the literature has extensively studied the evaluation of the quality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jingwei Zhang , Cheuk Ting Li , Farzan Farnia

Quality and diversity have been proposed as reasonable heuristics for assessing content generated by co-creative systems, but to date there has been little agreement around what constitutes the latter or how to measure it. Proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Francisco Ibarrola , Kazjon Grace

We propose a robust and reliable evaluation metric for generative models by introducing topological and statistical treatments for rigorous support estimation. Existing metrics, such as Inception Score (IS), Frechet Inception Distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Pum Jun Kim , Yoojin Jang , Jisu Kim , Jaejun Yoo

Entropy estimation is of practical importance in information theory and statistical science. Many existing entropy estimators suffer from fast growing estimation bias with respect to dimensionality, rendering them unsuitable for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ziqiao Ao , Jinglai Li

We consider an extension of $\epsilon$-entropy to a KL-divergence based complexity measure for randomized density estimation methods. Based on this extension, we develop a general information-theoretical inequality that measures the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Tong Zhang

Relation extraction is an important but challenging task that aims to extract all hidden relational facts from the text. With the development of deep language models, relation extraction methods have achieved good performance on various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Sheng Zhang , Patrick Ng , Zhiguo Wang , Bing Xiang

Document classification is the detection specific content of interest in text documents. In contrast to the data-driven machine learning classifiers, knowledge-based classifiers can be constructed based on domain specific knowledge, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 AtMa P. O. Chan

The best way to model, understand, and quantify the information contained in complex systems is an open question in physics, mathematics, and computer science. The uncertain relationship between entropy and complexity further complicates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Stephen Casey

We present two novel models of document coherence and their application to information retrieval (IR). Both models approximate document coherence using discourse entities, e.g. the subject or object of a sentence. Our first model views text…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Casper Petersen , Christina Lioma , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Birger Larsen

Entropy is a measure of self-information which is used to quantify losses. Entropy was developed in thermodynamics, but is also used to compare probabilities based on their deviating information content. Corresponding model uncertainty is…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Alois Pichler , Ruben Schlotter

Accurately matching visual and textual data in cross-modal retrieval has been widely studied in the multimedia community. To address these challenges posited by the heterogeneity gap and the semantic gap, we propose integrating Shannon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Wei Chen , Yu Liu , Erwin M. Bakker , Michael S. Lew

This paper presents a command-line tool, called Entropia, that implements a family of conformance checking measures for process mining founded on the notion of entropy from information theory. The measures allow quantifying classical…

Regression tasks, notably in safety-critical domains, require proper uncertainty quantification, yet the literature remains largely classification-focused. In this light, we introduce a family of measures for total, aleatoric, and epistemic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Christopher Bülte , Yusuf Sale , Gitta Kutyniok , Eyke Hüllermeier