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Memory safety vulnerabilities remain prevalent in today's software systems and one promising solution to mitigate them is to adopt memory-safe languages such as Rust. Due to legacy code written in memory unsafe C, there is strong motivation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Momoko Shiraishi , Yinzhi Cao , Takahiro Shinagawa

Rust is a strong contender for a memory-safe alternative to C as a "systems" language, but porting the vast amount of existing C code to Rust remains daunting. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Muhammad Farrukh , Baris Coskun , Tapti Palit , Michalis Polychronakis

Migrating existing C programs into Rust is increasingly desired, as Rust offers superior memory safety while maintaining C's high performance. However, vastly different features between C and Rust--e.g., distinct definitions and usages of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xuemeng Cai , Jiakun Liu , Xiping Huang , Yijun Yu , Haitao Wu , Chunmiao Li , Bo Wang , Imam Nur Bani Yusuf , Lingxiao Jiang

Rust is a memory-safe programming language that significantly improves software security. Existing codebases written in unsafe memory languages, such as C, must first be transpiled to Rust to take advantage of Rust's improved safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yubo Bai , Tapti Palit

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in converting C code to Rust, to benefit from the memory and thread safety guarantees of Rust. C2Rust is a rule-based system that can automatically convert C code to functionally identical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Vikram Nitin , Rahul Krishna , Luiz Lemos do Valle , Baishakhi Ray

The popularity of the Rust language continues to explode; yet, many critical codebases remain authored in C. Automatically translating C to Rust is thus an appealing course of action. Several works have gone down this path, handling an…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Aymeric Fromherz , Jonathan Protzenko

C/C++ is a prevalent programming language. Yet, it suffers from significant memory and thread-safety issues. Recent studies have explored automated translation of C/C++ to safer languages, such as Rust. However, these studies focused mostly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Biruk Tadesse , Vikram Nitin , Mazin Salah , Baishakhi Ray , Marcelo d'Amorim , Wesley Assunção

Rust aims to offer full memory safety for programs, a guarantee that untamed C programs do not enjoy. How difficult is it to translate existing C code to Rust? To get a complementary view from that of automatic C to Rust translators, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ruishi Li , Bo Wang , Tianyu Li , Prateek Saxena , Ashish Kundu

Rewriting C code in Rust provides stronger memory safety, yet migrating large codebases such as the 32-million-line Linux kernel remains challenging. While rule-based translators (e.g., C2Rust) provide accurate yet largely unsafe Rust…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuchen Liu , Junhao Hu , Yingdi Shan , Ge Li , Yanzhen Zou , Yihong Dong , Tao Xie

Modern high-assurance software systems development favors memory safe languages such as SPARK (ADA) or Rust. However, developers often encounter non-memory safe code (e.g., C) in legacy systems and libraries which would be prohibitively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Caleb Helbling , Graham Leach-Krouse , Michael Crystal

Translating software written in C to Rust has significant benefits in improving memory safety. However, manual translation is cumbersome, error-prone, and often produces unidiomatic code. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Tianyang Zhou , Ziyi Zhang , Haowen Lin , Somesh Jha , Mihai Christodorescu , Kirill Levchenko , Varun Chandrasekaran

Existing C to Rust translation techniques fail to balance quality and scalability: transpilation-based approaches scale to large projects but produce code with poor safety, idiomaticity, and readability. In contrast, LLM-based techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Saman Dehghan , Tianran Sun , Tianxiang Wu , Zihan Li , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Memory safety has long been a critical challenge in software engineering, particularly for legacy systems written in memory-unsafe languages such as C and C++. Rust, one of the youngest modern programming languages, offers built-in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sarah Bedell , Nazanin Siavash , Armin Moin

The growing adoption of Rust for its memory safety and performance has increased the demand for effective migration of legacy C codebases. However, existing rule-based translators (e.g., \ctorust) often generate verbose, non-idiomatic code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yanyan Yan , Yang Feng , Jiangshan Liu , Di Liu , Zixi Liu , Hao Teng , Baowen Xu

Dubbed a safer C, Rust is a modern programming language that combines memory safety and low-level control. This interesting combination has made Rust very popular among developers and there is a growing trend of migrating legacy codebases…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Hanliang Zhang , Cristina David , Yijun Yu , Meng Wang

Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language developed by Mozilla that focuses on performance and safety. Rust code is arguably known best for its speed and memory safety, a property essential while developing embedded systems. Thus, it…

The Rust programming language, with its safety guarantees, has established itself as a viable choice for low-level systems programming language over the traditional, unsafe alternatives like C/C++. These guarantees come from a strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Pantazis Deligiannis , Akash Lal , Nikita Mehrotra , Aseem Rastogi

Rust, an emerging programming language with explosive growth, provides a robust type system that enables programmers to write memory-safe and data-race free code. To allow access to a machine's hardware and to support low-level performance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Ana Nora Evans , Bradford Campbell , Mary Lou Soffa

The C programming language has been foundational in building system-level software. However, its manual memory management model frequently leads to memory safety issues. In response, Rust has emerged as a memory-safe alternative. Moreover,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-07 HoHyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Yeonghyeon Go , Sadegh AlMahdi Kazemi Zarkouei , Zhoulai Fu , Ali Shokri , Binoy Ravindran

Translating C code into safe Rust is an effective way to ensure memory safety. Compared to rule-based approaches, which often produce largely unsafe Rust code, LLM-based methods generate more idiomatic and safer Rust by leveraging extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhiqiang Yuan , Wenjun Mao , Zhuo Chen , Xiyue Shang , Chong Wang , Yiling Lou , Xin Peng
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