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The evaluation of machine-generated image captions is a complex and evolving challenge. With the advent of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), image captioning has become a core task, increasing the need for robust and reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

Video captioning targets interpreting the complex visual contents as text descriptions, which requires the model to fully understand video scenes including objects and their interactions. Prevailing methods adopt off-the-shelf object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Hao Wang , Guosheng Lin , Steven C. H. Hoi , Chunyan Miao

Large-scale pre-trained multi-modal models (e.g., CLIP) demonstrate strong zero-shot transfer capability in many discriminative tasks. Their adaptation to zero-shot image-conditioned text generation tasks has drawn increasing interest.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Wei Li , Linchao Zhu , Longyin Wen , Yi Yang

Video captioning aims to automatically generate natural language sentences that can describe the visual contents of a given video. Existing generative models like encoder-decoder frameworks cannot explicitly explore the object-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Yang Bai , Junyan Wang , Yang Long , Bingzhang Hu , Yang Song , Maurice Pagnucco , Yu Guan

Image captioning is the process of generating a natural language description of an image. Most current image captioning models, however, do not take into account the emotional aspect of an image, which is very relevant to activities and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Omid Mohamad Nezami , Mark Dras , Peter Anderson , Len Hamey

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved exceptional performance across diverse tasks, continually surpassing previous expectations regarding their capabilities. Nevertheless, their proficiency in perceiving emotions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daiqing Wu , Dongbao Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

When speakers describe an image, they tend to look at objects before mentioning them. In this paper, we investigate such sequential cross-modal alignment by modelling the image description generation process computationally. We take as our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ece Takmaz , Sandro Pezzelle , Lisa Beinborn , Raquel Fernández

We introduce a method to learn unsupervised semantic visual information based on the premise that complex events can be decomposed into simpler events and that these simple events are shared across several complex events. We first employ a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Valter Estevam , Rayson Laroca , Helio Pedrini , David Menotti

The task of image captioning aims to generate captions directly from images via the automatically learned cross-modal generator. To build a well-performing generator, existing approaches usually need a large number of described images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Yang Yang , Hongchen Wei , Hengshu Zhu , Dianhai Yu , Hui Xiong , Jian Yang

In this work, we propose a novel approach to densely ground visual entities from a long caption. We leverage a large multimodal model (LMM) to extract semantic nouns, a class-agnostic segmentation model to generate entity-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Lu Qi , Yi-Wen Chen , Lehan Yang , Tiancheng Shen , Xiangtai Li , Weidong Guo , Yu Xu , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Dense video captioning jointly localizes and captions salient events in untrimmed videos. Recent methods primarily focus on leveraging additional prior knowledge and advanced multi-task architectures to achieve competitive performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mingda Jia , Weiliang Meng , Zenghuang Fu , Yiheng Li , Qi Zeng , Yifan Zhang , Ju Xin , Rongtao Xu , Jiguang Zhang , Xiaopeng Zhang

Current facial emotion recognition systems are predominately trained to predict a fixed set of predefined categories or abstract dimensional values. This constrained form of supervision hinders generalization and applicability, as it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Licai Sun , Xingxun Jiang , Haoyu Chen , Yante Li , Zheng Lian , Biu Liu , Yuan Zong , Wenming Zheng , Jukka M. Leppänen , Guoying Zhao

We present a self-supervised method to improve an agent's abilities in describing arbitrary objects while actively exploring a generic environment. This is a challenging problem, as current models struggle to obtain coherent image captions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tommaso Galliena , Tommaso Apicella , Stefano Rosa , Pietro Morerio , Alessio Del Bue , Lorenzo Natale

Image captioning is a research area of immense importance, aiming to generate natural language descriptions for visual content in the form of still images. The advent of deep learning and more recently vision-language pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Taraneh Ghandi , Hamidreza Pourreza , Hamidreza Mahyar

A large-scale vision and language model that has been pretrained on massive data encodes visual and linguistic prior, which makes it easier to generate images and language that are more natural and realistic. Despite this, there is still a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hao Huang , Shuaihang Yuan , Yu Hao , Congcong Wen , Yi Fang

Generating descriptions for videos has many applications including assisting blind people and human-robot interaction. The recent advances in image captioning as well as the release of large-scale movie description datasets such as MPII…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-05 Anna Rohrbach , Marcus Rohrbach , Bernt Schiele

Large-scale web-crawled datasets are fundamental for the success of pre-training vision-language models, such as CLIP. However, the inherent noise and potential irrelevance of web-crawled AltTexts pose challenges in achieving precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Zhengfeng Lai , Haotian Zhang , Bowen Zhang , Wentao Wu , Haoping Bai , Aleksei Timofeev , Xianzhi Du , Zhe Gan , Jiulong Shan , Chen-Nee Chuah , Yinfei Yang , Meng Cao

The performance of vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, in visual classification tasks, has been enhanced by leveraging semantic knowledge from large language models (LLMs), including GPT. Recent studies have shown that in zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hankyeol Lee , Gawon Seo , Wonseok Choi , Geunyoung Jung , Kyungwoo Song , Jiyoung Jung

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are experiencing rapid growth, yielding a plethora of noteworthy contributions in recent months. The prevailing trend involves adopting data-driven methodologies, wherein diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xin He , Longhui Wei , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

State-of-the-art image captioning methods mostly focus on improving visual features, less attention has been paid to utilizing the inherent properties of language to boost captioning performance. In this paper, we show that vocabulary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Lei Ke , Wenjie Pei , Ruiyu Li , Xiaoyong Shen , Yu-Wing Tai