English
Related papers

Related papers: Human-in-the-loop or AI-in-the-loop? Automate or C…

200 papers

We present a rigorous, human-in-the-loop evaluation framework for assessing the performance of AI agents on the task of Air Traffic Control, grounded in a regulator-certified simulator-based curriculum used for training and testing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ben Carvell , Marc Thomas , Andrew Pace , Christopher Dorney , George De Ath , Richard Everson , Nick Pepper , Adam Keane , Samuel Tomlinson , Richard Cannon

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems account for approximately 38% of building energy consumption globally, making them one of the most energy-intensive services. The increasing emphasis on energy efficiency and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-12 Xinyu Liang , Frits de Nijs , Buser Say , Hao Wang

Recent improvements in large language models (LLMs) have led many researchers to focus on building fully autonomous AI agents. This position paper questions whether this approach is the right path forward, as these autonomous systems still…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in computer science education through AI-assisted programming tools, yet such workflows often exhibit objective drift, in which locally plausible outputs diverge from stated task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Mark Dranias , Adam Whitley

Developing and deploying AI applications in organizations is challenging when human decision authority and oversight are underspecified across the system lifecycle. Although Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) and Human-Centered AI (HCAI) principles…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Parm Suksakul , Nathan Kittichaikoonkij , Nakhin Polthai , Aung Pyae

AI agents are increasingly deployed to execute tasks and make decisions within agentic workflows, introducing new requirements for safe and controlled autonomy. Prior work has established the importance of human oversight for ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Edward Cheng , Jeshua Cheng

Traditional data mining algorithms are exceptional at seeing patterns in data that humans cannot, but are often confused by details that are obvious to the organic eye. Algorithms that include humans "in-the-loop" have proved beneficial for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Austin Graham , Yan Liang , Le Gruenwald , Christan Grant

Accessible and inclusive design has gained increased attention in HCI, yet practical implementation remains challenging due to resource-intensive prototyping methods. Traditional approaches such as workshops, A-B tests, and co-design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Pascal Jansen

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly large language models (LLMs), has brought significant advancements to the field of education. Among various applications, automatic short answer grading (ASAG), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yucheng Chu , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Jiliang Tang

This paper considers the motion control and task planning problem of mobile robots under complex high-level tasks and human initiatives. The assigned task is specified as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas that consist of hard and soft…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Meng Guo , Sofie Andersson , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Interactive AI systems increasingly employ a human-in-the-loop strategy. This creates new challenges for the HCI community when designing such systems. We reveal and investigate some of these challenges in a case study with an industry…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Changkun Ou , Daniel Buschek , Sven Mayer , Andreas Butz

Machine learning methods are progressively gaining acceptance in the electron microscopy community for de-noising, semantic segmentation, and dimensionality reduction of data post-acquisition. The introduction of the APIs by major…

Despite significant progress in autonomous vehicles (AVs), the development of driving policies that ensure both the safety of AVs and traffic flow efficiency has not yet been fully explored. In this paper, we propose an enhanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zilin Huang , Zihao Sheng , Chengyuan Ma , Sikai Chen

Modern industrial systems require updated approaches to safety management, as the tight interplay between cyber-physical, human, and organizational factors has driven their processes toward increasing complexity. In addition to dealing with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Francesco Simone , Marco Bortolini , Giovanni Mazzuto , Giulio di Gravio , Riccardo Patriarca

From its inception, AI has had a rather ambivalent relationship to humans---swinging between their augmentation and replacement. Now, as AI technologies enter our everyday lives at an ever increasing pace, there is a greater need for AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Subbarao Kambhampati

Human-in-the-loop guidance has emerged as an effective approach for enabling faster convergence in online reinforcement learning (RL) of complex real-world manipulation tasks. However, existing human-in-the-loop RL (HiL-RL) frameworks often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Haoyuan Deng , Yuanjiang Xue , Haoyang Du , Boyang Zhou , Zhenyu Wu , Ziwei Wang

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) and Human-in-the-Loop (HitL) learning have made human-AI collaboration easier for humans to team with AI agents. Leveraging human expertise and experience with AI in intelligent systems can be…

As the global population ages, effective rehabilitation and mobility aids will become increasingly critical. Gait assistive robots are promising solutions, but designing adaptable controllers for various impairments poses a significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yifan Wang , Sherwin Stephen Chan , Mingyuan Lei , Lek Syn Lim , Henry Johan , Bingran Zuo , Wei Tech Ang

While AI programming tools hold the promise of increasing programmers' capabilities and productivity to a remarkable degree, they often exclude users from essential decision-making processes, causing many to effectively "turn off their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Emmanuel Anaya González , Raven Rothkopf , Sorin Lerner , Nadia Polikarpova

The phrase 'human in the loop' is increasingly used to imply a sense of safety in relation to AI decision systems. It shouldn't. There are contexts where it can be applied appropriately, but these are not in the deployed decision systems we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ben Wilson , Matimba Swana , Peter Winter , Matt Roach