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Dark patterns are deceptive user interfaces employed by e-commerce websites to manipulate user's behavior in a way that benefits the website, often unethically. This study investigates the detection of such dark patterns. Existing solutions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Arya Ramteke , Sankalp Tembhurne , Gunesh Sonawane , Ratnmala N. Bhimanpallewar

Dark patterns are deceptive user interface designs for online services that make users behave in unintended ways. Dark patterns, such as privacy invasion, financial loss, and emotional distress, can harm users. These issues have been the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yuki Yada , Tsuneo Matsumoto , Fuyuko Kido , Hayato Yamana

There is a rapidly growing literature on dark patterns, user interface designs -- typically related to shopping or privacy -- that researchers deem problematic. Recent work has been predominantly descriptive, documenting and categorizing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Arunesh Mathur , Jonathan Mayer , Mihir Kshirsagar

The advancement of artificial intelligence has transformed user interface design by enabling adaptive and personalized systems. Alongside these benefits, AI driven interfaces have also enabled the emergence of dark patterns, which are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Daksh Pandey

Dark patterns are interface designs that nudge users towards behavior that is against their best interests. Since humans are often not even aware that they are influenced by these malicious patterns, research has to identify ways to protect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Philip Hausner , Michael Gertz

Dark patterns, which are user interface designs in online services, induce users to take unintended actions. Recently, dark patterns have been raised as an issue of privacy and fairness. Thus, a wide range of research on detecting dark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuki Yada , Jiaying Feng , Tsuneo Matsumoto , Nao Fukushima , Fuyuko Kido , Hayato Yamana

Manipulation defines many of our experiences as a consumer, including subtle nudges and overt advertising campaigns that seek to gain our attention and money. With the advent of digital services that can continuously optimize online…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Colin M. Gray , Jingle Chen , Shruthi Sai Chivukula , Liyang Qu

Dark patterns are user interface design choices that benefit an online service by coercing, steering, or deceiving users into making unintended and potentially harmful decisions. We present automated techniques that enable experts to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Arunesh Mathur , Gunes Acar , Michael J. Friedman , Elena Lucherini , Jonathan Mayer , Marshini Chetty , Arvind Narayanan

Mobile user interfaces abundantly feature so-called 'dark patterns'. These deceptive design practices manipulate users' decision making to profit online service providers. While past research on dark patterns mainly focus on visual design,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Chenge Tang , Karthikeya Puttur Venkatraj , Hongbo Liu , Christina Schneegass , Gijs Huisman , Abdallah El Ali

Deceptive UI designs, widely instantiated across the web and commonly known as dark patterns, manipulate users into performing actions misaligned with their goals. In this paper, we show that dark patterns are highly effective in steering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Phil Cuvin , Hao Zhu , Diyi Yang

The dark patterns, deceptive interface designs manipulating user behaviors, have been extensively studied for their effects on human decision-making and autonomy. Yet, with the rising prominence of LLM-powered GUI agents that automate tasks…

Deceptive patterns, dark patterns, and manipulative user interfaces (UI) are a widely used design strategy that manipulates users to act against their own interests in pursuit of shareholder aims. These patterns may particularly affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Tobias Pellkvist , Katie Seaborn , Miu Kojima

Past studies have illustrated the prevalence of UI dark patterns, or user interfaces that can lead end-users toward (unknowingly) taking actions that they may not have intended. Such deceptive UI designs can result in adverse effects on end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 SM Hasan Mansur , Sabiha Salma , Damilola Awofisayo , Kevin Moran

Context: Dark patterns are user interface or other software designs that deceive or manipulate users to do things they would not otherwise do. Even though dark patterns have been under active research for a long time, including particularly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jukka Ruohonen , Jani Koskinen , Søren Harnow Klausen , Anne Gerdes

As digital interfaces become increasingly prevalent, certain manipulative design elements have emerged that may harm user interests, raising associated ethical concerns and bringing dark patterns into focus as a significant research topic.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Meng Li , Xiang Wang , Liming Nie , Chenglin Li , Yang Liu , Yangyang Zhao , Lei Xue , Kabir Sulaiman Said

Online services pervasively employ manipulative designs (i.e., dark patterns) to influence users to purchase goods and subscriptions, spend more time on-site, or mindlessly accept the harvesting of their personal data. To protect users from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Kerstin Bongard-Blanchy , Arianna Rossi , Salvador Rivas , Sophie Doublet , Vincent Koenig , Gabriele Lenzini

Dark patterns in online commerce, especially deceptive user interface designs for apps and websites, undermine consumer autonomy and distort online markets. Although sometimes deception is intentional, the complex app development process…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Gregory M. Dickinson

Large language models can influence users through conversation, creating new forms of dark patterns that differ from traditional UX dark patterns. We define LLM dark patterns as manipulative or deceptive behaviors enacted in dialogue.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yike Shi , Qing Xiao , Qing Hu , Hong Shen , Hua Shen

The study of UX dark patterns, i.e., UI designs that seek to manipulate user behaviors, often for the benefit of online services, has drawn significant attention in the CHI and CSCW communities in recent years. To complement previous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yuwen Lu , Chao Zhang , Yuewen Yang , Yaxing Yao , Toby Jia-Jun Li

Dark patterns utilize interface elements to trick users into performing unwanted actions. Online shopping websites often employ these manipulative mechanisms so as to increase their potential customer base, to boost their sales, or to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Christian Voigt , Stephan Schlögl , Aleksander Groth
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