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Novel architectures have recently improved generative image synthesis leading to excellent visual quality in various tasks. Of particular note is the field of ``AI-Art'', which has seen unprecedented growth with the emergence of powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Robin Rombach , Andreas Blattmann , Björn Ommer

Prompts used in recent large language model based applications are often fixed and lengthy, leading to significant computational overhead. To address this challenge, we propose Generative Prompt Internalization (GenPI), a lightweight method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Haebin Shin , Lei Ji , Yeyun Gong , Sungdong Kim , Eunbi Choi , Minjoon Seo

People often create art by following an artistic workflow involving multiple stages that inform the overall design. If an artist wishes to modify an earlier decision, significant work may be required to propagate this new decision forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Hung-Yu Tseng , Matthew Fisher , Jingwan Lu , Yijun Li , Vladimir Kim , Ming-Hsuan Yang

In recent years Generative Machine Learning systems have advanced significantly. A current wave of generative systems use text prompts to create complex imagery, video, even 3D datasets. The creators of these systems claim a revolution in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jon McCormack , Camilo Cruz Gambardella , Nina Rajcic , Stephen James Krol , Maria Teresa Llano , Meng Yang

The use of generative AI (GenAI) tools has fundamentally transformed software development. Central to this shift is prompt engineering, the practice of crafting textual prompts to guide GenAI tools in generating useful content. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Daniel Otten , Trevor Stalnaker , Nathan Wintersgill , Oscar Chaparro , Denys Poshyvanyk

Generative AI based art has proliferated in the past year, with increasingly impressive use cases from generating fake human faces to the creation of systems that can generate thousands of artistic images from text prompts - some of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Avijit Ghosh , Genoveva Fossas

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress, yet they continue to struggle with complex prompts that require simultaneously handling multiple objects, relations, and attributes. Existing inference-time strategies, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shantanu Jaiswal , Mihir Prabhudesai , Nikash Bhardwaj , Zheyang Qin , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Deepak Pathak

Recent work has shown that inference-time reasoning and reflection can improve text-to-image generation without retraining. However, existing approaches often rely on implicit, holistic critiques or unconstrained prompt rewrites, making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 V. Kovalev , A. Kuvshinov , A. Buzovkin , D. Pokidov , D. Timonin

We investigated the potential and limitations of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in reflecting the authors' cognitive processes through creative expression. The focus is on the AI-generated artwork's ability to understand human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Yoon Kyung Lee , Yong-Ha Park , Sowon Hahn

In many applications of computer graphics, art and design, it is desirable for a user to provide intuitive non-image input, such as text, sketch, stroke, graph or layout, and have a computer system automatically generate photo-realistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Yuan Xue , Yuan-Chen Guo , Han Zhang , Tao Xu , Song-Hai Zhang , Xiaolei Huang

Text-to-image diffusion models exhibit strong generative performance but remain highly sensitive to prompt formulation, often requiring extensive manual trial and error to obtain satisfactory results. This motivates the development of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Domício Pereira Neto , João Correia , Penousal Machado

The task of image generation started to receive some attention from artists and designers to inspire them in new creations. However, exploiting the results of deep generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks can be long and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Baptiste Rozière , Morgane Riviere , Olivier Teytaud , Jérémy Rapin , Yann LeCun , Camille Couprie

Prompt engineering is still the primary way for users of generative text-to-image models to manipulate generated images in a targeted way. Based on treating the model as a continuous function and by passing gradients between the image space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Niklas Deckers , Julia Peters , Martin Potthast

Recent developments in large language models (LLM) and generative AI have unleashed the astonishing capabilities of text-to-image generation systems to synthesize high-quality images that are faithful to a given reference text, known as a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yutong Xie , Zhaoying Pan , Jinge Ma , Luo Jie , Qiaozhu Mei

In this work, we propose a complete framework that generates visual art. Unlike previous stylization methods that are not flexible with style parameters (i.e., they allow stylization with only one style image, a single stylization text or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Marian Lupascu , Ryan Murdock , Ionut Mironica , Yijun Li

Customizing pre-trained text-to-image generation model has attracted massive research interest recently, due to its huge potential in real-world applications. Although existing methods are able to generate creative content for a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yufan Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Tong Sun

Text-to-image generation models have seen considerable advancement, catering to the increasing interest in personalized image creation. Current customization techniques often necessitate users to provide multiple images (typically 3-5) for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Linhao Zhong , Yan Hong , Wentao Chen , Binglin Zhou , Yiyi Zhang , Jianfu Zhang , Liqing Zhang

We present an account of an ongoing practice-based Design Research programme that explores the interaction affordances of real-time AI image generators. Based on our experiences from three installations, we reflect on the design of PromptJ,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Joseph Lindley , Roger Whitham

Current text-to-image generative models struggle to accurately represent object states (e.g., "a table without a bottle," "an empty tumbler"). In this work, we first design a fully-automatic pipeline to generate high-quality synthetic data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Tianle Chen , Chaitanya Chakka , Deepti Ghadiyaram

Aligning text-to-image generation with user intent remains challenging, as users frequently provide ambiguous inputs and struggle with model idiosyncrasies. We propose Adaptive Prompt Elicitation (APE), a technique that adaptively poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinyi Wen , Lena Hegemann , Xiaofu Jin , Shuai Ma , Antti Oulasvirta