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Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a promising approach for NP-hard problems. However, prevailing RL-based methods suffer from low sample efficiency due to sparse rewards and underused solutions. We propose Best-anchored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zijun Liao , Jinbiao Chen , Debing Wang , Zizhen Zhang , Jiahai Wang

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) aims at designing problem-independent and efficient neural network-based strategies for solving combinatorial problems. The field recently experienced growth by successfully adapting architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Michal Lisicki , Arash Afkanpour , Graham W. Taylor

Job shop scheduling problems represent a significant and complex facet of combinatorial optimization problems, which have traditionally been addressed through either exact or approximate solution methodologies. However, the practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jaejin Lee , Seho Kee , Mani Janakiram , George Runger

The fuzzy job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) emerges as an innovative extension to the job shop scheduling problem (JSSP), incorporating a layer of uncertainty that aligns the problem more closely with the complexities of real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yijian Wang , Tongxian Guo , Zhaoqiang Liu

This paper presents a framework to tackle constrained combinatorial optimization problems using deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, we extend the Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) theory in order to deal with constraints in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ruben Solozabal , Josu Ceberio , Martin Takáč

The Jobs shop Scheduling Problem (JSP) is a canonical combinatorial optimization problem that is routinely solved for a variety of industrial purposes. It models the optimal scheduling of multiple sequences of tasks, each under a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Traditional solvers for tackling combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are usually designed by human experts. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in utilizing deep learning, especially deep reinforcement learning, to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Shengcai Liu , Yu Zhang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) is an emerging domain where deep learning techniques are employed to address combinatorial optimization problems as a standalone solver. Despite their potential, existing NCO methods often suffer from…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andoni I. Garmendia , Quentin Cappart , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

Job Shop Scheduling (JSS) is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems. It involves scheduling a set of jobs with predefined processing constraints on a set of machines to achieve a desired objective, such as minimizing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Karima Rihane , Adel Dabah , Abdelhakim AitZai

Current methods for end-to-end constructive neural combinatorial optimization usually train a policy using behavior cloning from expert solutions or policy gradient methods from reinforcement learning. While behavior cloning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Combinatorial optimization problems, such as scheduling and route planning, are crucial in various industries but are computationally intractable due to their NP-hard nature. Neural Combinatorial Optimization methods leverage machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Imanol Echeverria , Maialen Murua , Roberto Santana

The Flexible Job Shop Problem (FJSP) is a well-studied combinatorial optimization problem with extensive applications for manufacturing and production scheduling. It involves assigning jobs to various machines to optimize criteria, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zhi Cao , Cong Zhang , Yaoxin Wu , Yaqing Hou , Hongwei Ge

Constructive neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has attracted growing research attention due to its ability to solve complex routing problems without relying on handcrafted rules. However, existing NCO methods face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Changliang Zhou , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

The constructive approach within Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) treats a combinatorial optimization problem as a finite Markov decision process, where solutions are built incrementally through a sequence of decisions guided by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Solving combinatorial optimization problems involve satisfying a set of hard constraints while optimizing some objectives. In this context, exact or approximate methods can be used. While exact methods guarantee the optimal solution, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Aymen Ben Said , Malek Mouhoub

Combinatorial optimization assumes that all parameters of the optimization problem, e.g. the weights in the objective function is fixed. Often, these weights are mere estimates and increasingly machine learning techniques are used to for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Jaynta Mandi , Emir Demirović , Peter. J Stuckey , Tias Guns

Combinatorial optimization serves as an essential part in many modern industrial applications. A great number of the problems are offline setting due to safety and/or cost issues. While simulation-based approaches appear difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Wenpeng Wei , Toshiko Aizono

Long-horizon combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), such as the Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP), often involve complex, interdependent decisions over extended time frames, posing significant challenges for existing solvers.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Sirui Li , Wenbin Ouyang , Yining Ma , Cathy Wu

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems arise across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, logistics, and manufacturing. While exact solutions are often computationally infeasible, many practical applications require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Arman Mielke , Uwe Bauknecht , Thilo Strauss , Mathias Niepert

The subject of Job Scheduling Optimisation (JSO) deals with the scheduling of jobs in an organization, so that the single working steps are optimally organized regarding the postulated targets. In this paper a use case is provided which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Marc Geitz , Cristian Grozea , Wolfgang Steigerwald , Robin Stöhr , Armin Wolf
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