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Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) must be rigorously tested on a wide range of scenarios to ensure safe deployment. The industry typically relies on closed-loop simulation to evaluate how the SDV interacts on a corpus of synthetic and real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jay Sarva , Jingkang Wang , James Tu , Yuwen Xiong , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Raquel Urtasun

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are capable of sensing the environment and making driving decisions autonomously. These systems are safety-critical, and testing them is one of the important approaches to ensure their safety. However, due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chengjie Lu , Tao Yue , Man Zhang , Shaukat Ali

The automotive industry is experiencing a transition from assisted to highly automated driving. New concepts for validation of Automated Driving System (ADS) include amongst other a shift from a "technology based" approach to a "scenario…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Ilona Cieslik , Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez , Helmut Martin , Heiko Scharke , Hannes Schneider

The MUSICC project has created a proof-of-concept scenario database to be used as part of a type approval process for the verification of automated driving systems (ADS). This process must include a highly automated means of evaluating test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Robert Myers , Zeyn Saigol

Ensuring the safety of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) requires realistic and reproducible test scenarios, yet extracting such scenarios from multimodal crash reports remains a major challenge. Large Language Models (LLMs) often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Siwei Luo , Yang Zhang , Yao Deng , Linfeng Liang , Xi Zheng

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) have been an active area of research, with the potential to deliver significant benefits to society. However, before large-scale deployment on public roads, extensive testing is necessary to validate their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Qunying Song , He Ye , Mark Harman , Federica Sarro

Fuzz testing effectively uncovers software vulnerabilities; however, it faces challenges with Autonomous Systems (AS) due to their vast search spaces and complex state spaces, which reflect the unpredictability and complexity of real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Taohong Zhu , Adrians Skapars , Fardeen Mackenzie , Declan Kehoe , William Newton , Suzanne Embury , Youcheng Sun

Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in new vehicles. Due to their environmental friendliness and their remarkable capability to significantly enhance road safety, these vehicles have gained widespread recognition and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Reem Alhabib , Poonam Yadav

Automated driving systems (ADSs) promise a safe, comfortable and efficient driving experience. However, fatalities involving vehicles equipped with ADSs are on the rise. The full potential of ADSs cannot be realized unless the robustness of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ekim Yurtsever , Jacob Lambert , Alexander Carballo , Kazuya Takeda

In high-level Autonomous Driving (AD) systems, behavioral planning is in charge of making high-level driving decisions such as cruising and stopping, and thus highly securitycritical. In this work, we perform the first systematic study of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Ziwen Wan , Junjie Shen , Jalen Chuang , Xin Xia , Joshua Garcia , Jiaqi Ma , Qi Alfred Chen

Virtual testing of automated driving systems (ADS) has become an essential part of testing procedures for all automation levels. As ADS from automation level 3 and up are very complex, virtual testing for such systems is inevitable. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Demin Nalic , Aleksa Pandurevic , Arno Eichberger , Branko Rogic

Safety validation of autonomous driving systems is extremely challenging due to the high risks and costs of real-world testing as well as the rarity and diversity of potential failures. To address these challenges, we train a denoising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Juanran Wang , Marc R. Schlichting , Harrison Delecki , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Simulation-based testing is the standard practice for assessing the reliability of self-driving cars' software before deployment. Existing bug-finding techniques are either unreliable or expensive. We build on the insight that near misses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 M M Abid Naziri , Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Andrea Stocco , Marcelo d'Amorim

Autonomous Driving (AD) systems demand the high levels of safety assurance. Despite significant advancements in AD demonstrated on open-source benchmarks like Longest6 and Bench2Drive, existing datasets still lack regulatory-compliant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingzheng Li , Tiancheng Wang , Xingyu Peng , Jiacheng Chen , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Xianglong Liu

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) continue to face safety-critical risks due to the inherent limitations in their design and performance capabilities. Online repair plays a crucial role in mitigating such limitations, ensuring the runtime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingfei Cheng , Xiaofei Xie , Renzhi Wang , Yuan Zhou , Ming Hu

As self-driving systems become better, simulating scenarios where the autonomy stack may fail becomes more important. Traditionally, those scenarios are generated for a few scenes with respect to the planning module that takes ground-truth…

Closed-loop simulation environments play a crucial role in the validation and enhancement of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, certain challenges warrant significant attention, including balancing simulation accuracy with duration,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Daocheng Fu , Naiting Zhong , Xu Han , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Song Mao , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

This study underscores the vital importance of intelligent driving functions in enhancing road safety and driving comfort. Central to our research is the challenge of obtaining sufficient test data for evaluating these functions, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Nico Schick , Franjo Čičak

Autonomous Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) rely on extensive testing to ensure safety and reliability, yet road scenario datasets often contain redundant cases that slow down the testing process without improving fault detection. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qurban Ali , Andrea Stocco , Leonardo Mariani , Oliviero Riganelli

End-to-end autonomous driving systems (ADSs), with their strong capabilities in environmental perception and generalizable driving decisions, are attracting growing attention from both academia and industry. However, once deployed on public…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Dingji Wang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Shuo Hao , Haowen Jiang , Yifan Tian , Xin Peng