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A considerable number of texts encountered daily are somehow connected with each other. For example, Wikipedia articles refer to other articles via hyperlinks, scientific papers relate to others via citations or (co)authors, while tweets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Albert Roethel , Maria Ganzha , Anna Wróblewska

This paper introduces a new web-based software tool for annotating text, Text Annotation Graphs, or TAG. It provides functionality for representing complex relationships between words and word phrases that are not available in other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Angus G. Forbes , Kristine Lee , Gus Hahn-Powell , Marco A. Valenzuela-Escárcega , Mihai Surdeanu

Multiclass hate speech detection across demographic categories remains computationally challenging due to implicit targeting strategies and linguistic variability in social media content. Existing approaches rely solely on learned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mahmoud Abusaqer , Jamil Saquer

With the spreading of hate speech on social media in recent years, automatic detection of hate speech is becoming a crucial task and has attracted attention from various communities. This task aims to recognize online posts (e.g., tweets)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Jiaxuan Li , Yue Ning

Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, and idioms are integral parts of human communication. They are ubiquitous in many forms of discourse, allowing people to convey complex, abstract ideas and evoke emotion. As figurative forms are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ron Yosef , Yonatan Bitton , Dafna Shahaf

Supervised approaches generally rely on majority-based labels. However, it is hard to achieve high agreement among annotators in subjective tasks such as hate speech detection. Existing neural network models principally regard labels as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Wenjie Yin , Vibhor Agarwal , Aiqi Jiang , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Nishanth Sastry

Academic regulation advising is essential for helping students interpret and comply with institutional policies, yet building effective systems requires domain specific regulatory resources. To address this challenge, we propose REBot, an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Thanh Ma , Tri-Tam La , Lam-Thu Le Huu , Minh-Nghi Nguyen , Khanh-Van Pham Luu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for incorporating external knowledge, usually in the form of a set of documents retrieved from a collection, as a part of a prompt to a large language model (LLM) to potentially improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Fangzheng Tian , Debasis Ganguly , Craig Macdonald

A growing number of applications users daily interact with have to operate in (near) real-time: chatbots, digital companions, knowledge work support systems -- just to name a few. To perform the services desired by the user, these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Christian Jilek , Markus Schröder , Rudolf Novik , Sven Schwarz , Heiko Maus , Andreas Dengel

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has become prevalent in question-answering (QA) tasks due to its ability of utilizing search engine to enhance the quality of long-form question-answering (LFQA). Despite the emergence of various open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Tianchi Cai , Zhiwen Tan , Xierui Song , Tao Sun , Jiyan Jiang , Yunqi Xu , Yinger Zhang , Jinjie Gu

With the proliferation of social media, accurate detection of hate speech has become critical to ensure safety online. To combat nuanced forms of hate speech, it is important to identify and thoroughly explain hate speech to help users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yongjin Yang , Joonkee Kim , Yujin Kim , Namgyu Ho , James Thorne , Se-young Yun

Enormous explosion in the number of the World Wide Web pages occur every day and since the efficiency of most of the information processing systems is found to be less, the potential of the Internet applications is often underutilized.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-09-13 L. Jegatha Deborah , R. Baskaran , A. Kannan

In this work we study various Retrieval Augmented Regeneration (RAG) approaches to gain an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach in a question-answering analysis. To gain this understanding we use a case-study…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Audun Myers , Max Vargas , Sinan G. Aksoy , Cliff Joslyn , Benjamin Wilson , Lee Burke , Tom Grimes

Though majority vote among annotators is typically used for ground truth labels in natural language processing, annotator disagreement in tasks such as hate speech detection may reflect differences in opinion across groups, not noise. Thus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eve Fleisig , Rediet Abebe , Dan Klein

Semantic Web is actually an extension of the current one in that it represents information more meaningfully for humans and computers alike. It enables the description of contents and services in machine-readable form, and enables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-06-24 Mohammad Mustafa Taye

This work falls in the areas of information retrieval and semantic web, and aims to improve the evaluation of web search tools. Indeed, the huge number of information on the web as well as the growth of new inexperienced users creates new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Abdelkrim Bouramoul , Mohamed-Khireddine Kholladi , Bich-Liên Doan

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown great success in many applications. In this work, we present a novel method that leverages human annotations to improve the quality of generated images. Unlike previous paradigms that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Juanyong Duan , Sim Heng Ong , Qi Zhao

When users formulate queries, they often include not only the information they seek, but also pragmatic markers such as interrogative phrasing or polite requests. Although these speech act indicators communicate the user\textquotesingle s…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 João Alberto de Oliveira Lima

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a robust framework for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. Recent advances in RAG have investigated graph based retrieval for intricate reasoning; however, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tejas Sarnaik , Manan Shah , Ravi Hegde

Hate speech detection is a crucial task, especially on social media, where harmful content can spread quickly. Implementing machine learning models to automatically identify and address hate speech is essential for mitigating its impact and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Somaiyeh Dehghan , Mehmet Umut Sen , Berrin Yanikoglu