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Transformer-based language models are applied to a wide range of applications in natural language processing. However, they are inefficient and difficult to deploy. In recent years, many compression algorithms have been proposed to increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Ofir Zafrir , Ariel Larey , Guy Boudoukh , Haihao Shen , Moshe Wasserblat

The increasing size of generative Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has greatly increased the demand for model compression. Despite various methods to compress BERT or its variants, there are few attempts to compress generative PLMs, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Chaofan Tao , Lu Hou , Wei Zhang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Compressed vision-language models (VLMs) are widely used to reduce memory and compute costs, making them a suitable choice for real-world deployment. However, compressing these models raises concerns about whether internal computations and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Veeraraju Elluru , Arth Singh , Roberto Aguero , Ajay Agarwal , Debojyoti Das , Hreetam Paul

Deep neural networks have achieved strong performance in image classification tasks due to their ability to learn complex patterns from high-dimensional data. However, their large computational and memory requirements often limit deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sai Shi

Large language models have recently achieved state of the art performance across a wide variety of natural language tasks. Meanwhile, the size of these models and their latency have significantly increased, which makes their usage costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Ziheng Wang , Jeremy Wohlwend , Tao Lei

Modern search systems use several large ranker models with transformer architectures. These models require large computational resources and are not suitable for usage on devices with limited computational resources. Knowledge distillation…

Prompt compression condenses contexts while maintaining their informativeness for different usage scenarios. It not only shortens the inference time and reduces computational costs during the usage of large language models, but also lowers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Xiao Pu , Tianxing He , Xiaojun Wan

Linear models are used in online decision making, such as in machine learning, policy algorithms, and experimentation platforms. Many engineering systems that use linear models achieve computational efficiency through distributed systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Jeffrey Wong , Eskil Forsell , Randall Lewis , Tobias Mao , Matthew Wardrop

Many efforts have been made to facilitate natural language processing tasks with pre-trained language models (LMs), and brought significant improvements to various applications. To fully leverage the nearly unlimited corpora and capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Liyuan Liu , Xiang Ren , Jingbo Shang , Jian Peng , Jiawei Han

Recent years have witnessed the rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) and their expanding applications, leading to soaring demands for computational resources. The widespread adoption of test-time scaling further intensifies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Cheng Yuan , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Large language models (LLMs) targeting different deployment scales and sizes are currently produced by training each variant from scratch; this is extremely compute-intensive. In this paper, we investigate if pruning an existing LLM and…

Language prediction is constrained by informational entropy intrinsic to language, such that there exists a limit to how accurate any language model can become and equivalently a lower bound to language compression. The most efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Benjamin L. Badger , Matthew Neligeorge

Large language models (LLMs) face significant token efficiency bottlenecks in code generation and logical reasoning tasks, a challenge that directly impacts inference cost and model interpretability. This paper proposes a formal framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lumen AI , Tengzhou No. 1 Middle School , Shihao Ji , Zihui Song , Fucheng Zhong , Jisen Jia , Zhaobo Wu , Zheyi Cao , Tianhao Xu

ML-powered code generation aims to assist developers to write code in a more productive manner, by intelligently generating code blocks based on natural language prompts. Recently, large pretrained deep learning models have substantially…

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have shown remarkable effectiveness in various natural language processing tasks. However, these models usually contain millions of parameters, which prevents them from practical deployment on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Changsheng Zhao , Ting Hua , Yilin Shen , Qian Lou , Hongxia Jin

One of the long-standing goals in optimisation and constraint programming is to describe a problem in natural language and automatically obtain an executable, efficient model. Large language models appear to bring this vision closer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alessio Pellegrino , Jacopo Mauro

Recent developments in natural language representations have been accompanied by large and expensive models that leverage vast amounts of general-domain text through self-supervised pre-training. Due to the cost of applying such models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Iulia Turc , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

Large Language Models are growing in size, and we expect them to continue to do so, as larger models train quicker. However, this increase in size will severely impact inference costs. Therefore model compression is important, to retain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Georgy Tyukin

Recently, fine-tuning pre-trained code models such as CodeBERT on downstream tasks has achieved great success in many software testing and analysis tasks. While effective and prevalent, fine-tuning the pre-trained parameters incurs a large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Ensheng Shi , Yanlin Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Lun Du , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang , Hongbin Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, such impressive capability typically comes with a substantial model size, which presents significant challenges in deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Guinan Su , Li Shen , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Yanwu Yang , Jonas Geiping