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Imagine receiving a video call from your CFO, surrounded by colleagues, asking you to urgently authorise a confidential transfer. You comply. Every person on that call was fake, and you just lost $25 million. This is not a hypothetical. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Muhammad Tahir Ashraf

Language models are not accurate in numerical problems. Their architecture does not allow for anything less than a probabilistic next word. This paper introduces ComputeGPT: an approach of creating a chat model able to answer computational…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Ryan Hardesty Lewis , Junfeng Jiao

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have rapidly penetrated into people's work and daily lives over the past few years, due to their extraordinary conversational skills and intelligence. ChatGPT has become the fastest-growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxuan Wang

Simulation powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a promising method for exploring complex human social behaviors. However, the application of LLMs in simulations presents significant challenges, particularly regarding their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Qian Wang , Zhenheng Tang , Bingsheng He

The dream of achieving a student-teacher ratio of 1:1 is closer than ever thanks to the emergence of large language models (LLMs). One potential application of these models in the educational field would be to provide feedback to students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marc Ballestero-Ribó , Daniel Ortiz-Martínez

Empathetic dialogue is an indispensable part of building harmonious social relationships and contributes to the development of a helpful AI. Previous approaches are mainly based on fine small-scale language models. With the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yushan Qian , Wei-Nan Zhang , Ting Liu

Sound-squatting is a phishing attack that tricks users into malicious resources by exploiting similarities in the pronunciation of words. Proactive defense against sound-squatting candidates is complex, and existing solutions rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Rodolfo Valentim , Idilio Drago , Marco Mellia , Federico Cerutti

In today's digitally driven world, dialogue systems play a pivotal role in enhancing user interactions, from customer service to virtual assistants. In these dialogues, it is important to identify user's goals automatically to resolve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Juan A. Rodriguez , Nicholas Botzer , David Vazquez , Christopher Pal , Marco Pedersoli , Issam Laradji

The exponential growth of social media and generative AI has transformed information dissemination, fostering connectivity but also accelerating the spread of misinformation. Understanding information propagation dynamics and developing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Litian Zhang , Xiaoming Zhang , Bingyu Yan , Ziyi Zhou , Bo Zhang , Zhenyu Guan , Xi Zhang , Chaozhuo Li

Sequential sampling models (SSMs) are a widely used framework describing decision-making as a stochastic, dynamic process of evidence accumulation. SSMs popularity across cognitive science has driven the development of various software…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kianté Fernandez , Dominique Makowski , Christopher Fisher

The emergence of ChatGPT marks the arrival of the large language model (LLM) era. While LLMs demonstrate their power in a variety of fields, they also raise serious privacy concerns as the users' queries are sent to the model provider. On…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Fei Zheng , Chaochao Chen , Zhongxuan Han , Xiaolin Zheng

In aviation, the impact of threats is becoming increasingly significant, particularly for global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Two relevant GNSS threats are represented by jamming and spoofing. In order to evaluate the technological…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-02 Ivan Iudice , Domenico Pascarella , Gianluca Corraro , Giovanni Cuciniello

The final frontier for simulation is the accurate representation of complex, real-world social systems. While agent-based modeling (ABM) seeks to study the behavior and interactions of agents within a larger system, it is unable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Edward Junprung

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess human-level cognitive and decision-making capabilities, making them a key technology for 6G. However, applying LLMs to the communication domain faces three major challenges: 1) Inadequate communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Feibo Jiang , Wanyun Zhu , Li Dong , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang , Cunhua Pan , Octavia A. Dobre

Unsolicited telephone calls that facilitate fraud or unlawful telemarketing continue to overwhelm network users and the regulators who prosecute them. The first step in prosecuting phone abuse is traceback -- identifying the call…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 David Adei , Varun Madathil , Sathvik Prasad , Bradley Reaves , Alessandra Scafuro

Malicious calls, i.e., telephony spams and scams, have been a long-standing challenging issue that causes billions of dollars of annual financial loss worldwide. This work presents the first machine learning-based solution without relying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Huichen Li , Xiaojun Xu , Chang Liu , Teng Ren , Kun Wu , Xuezhi Cao , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Dawn Song

Achieving natural full-duplex interaction in spoken dialogue systems (SDS) remains a challenge due to the difficulty of accurately detecting user interruptions. Current solutions are polarized between "trigger-happy" VAD-based methods that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kangxiang Xia , Bingshen Mu , Xian Shi , Jin Xu , Lei Xie

Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Andrea Pedrotti , Michele Papucci , Cristiano Ciaccio , Alessio Miaschi , Giovanni Puccetti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Andrea Esuli

Criminal investigations often involve the analysis of messages exchanged through instant messaging apps such as WhatsApp, which can be an extremely effort-consuming task. Our approach integrates knowledge graphs and NLP models to support…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Riccardo Pozzi , Valentina Barbera , Renzo Alva Principe , Davide Giardini , Riccardo Rubini , Matteo Palmonari

This report presents a real-world case study demonstrating how prompt injection can attack large language model platforms such as ChatGPT according to a proposed injection framework. By providing three real-world examples, we show how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xiangyu Chang , Guang Dai , Hao Di , Haishan Ye