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Climate change is intensifying human heat exposure, particularly in densely built urban centers of the Global South. Low-cost construction materials and high thermal-mass surfaces further exacerbate this risk. Yet scalable methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Steffen Knoblauch , Ram Kumar Muthusamy , Hao Li , Iddy Chazua , Benedcto Adamu , Innocent Maholi , Alexander Zipf

The impact of heatwaves (HWs) on urban heat island (UHI) is a contentious topic with contradictory research findings. A comprehensive understanding of the response of urban and rural areas to HWs, considering the underlying cause of surface…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Jing Kong , Yongling Zhao , Dominik Strebel , Kai Gao , Jan Carmeliet , Chengwang Lei

With the press of global climate change, extreme weather and sudden weather changes are becoming increasingly common. To maintain a comfortable indoor environment and minimize the contribution of the building to climate change as much as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Liping Sun , Yucheng Guo , Siliang Lu , Zhenzhen Li

Understanding current energy consumption behavior in communities is critical for informing future energy use decisions and enabling efficient energy management. Urban energy models, which are used to simulate these energy use patterns,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Saumya Sinha , Alexandre Cortiella , Rawad El Kontar , Andrew Glaws , Ryan King , Patrick Emami

Land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from remote sensing data is pivotal for analyzing climate processes and surface energy budgets. However, LST retrieval is an ill-posed inverse problem, which becomes particularly severe when only a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Tian Xie , Menghui Jiang , Huanfeng Shen , Huifang Li , Chao Zeng , Jun Ma , Guanhao Zhang , Liangpei Zhang

As urbanization and climate change progress, urban heat island effects are becoming more frequent and severe. To formulate effective mitigation plans, cities require detailed air temperature data, yet conventional machine learning models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jannis Fleckenstein , David Kreismann , Tamara Rosemary Govindasamy , Thomas Brunschwiler , Etienne Vos , Mattia Rigotti

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key variable for various applications, such as urban climate and ecology studies. Yet, existing satellite-derived LST products provide either high spatial or high temporal resolution, resulting in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Solomiia Kurchaba , Angela Meyer

Urban heat islands, defined as specific zones exhibiting substantially higher temperatures than their immediate environs, pose significant threats to environmental sustainability and public health. This study introduces a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Lorenzo Innocenti , Giacomo Blanco , Luca Barco , Claudio Rossi

Urban heat islands (UHI) are formed due to complex interactions between various factors. UHI, its contributing factors, and their interaction vary over time and location. Accordingly, understanding the causal relation between UHI and its…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Sadaf Alavi Soltani , Saeid Niazmardi , Ali Esmaeily

The interaction between cities and their respective green regions corresponds to an interesting issue that has received growing attention over the last decades. These relationships have multiple natures, ranging from providing habitat for…

City-scale outdoor thermal comfort diagnostics are essential for understanding actual heat stress. However, previous research primarily focused on the street scale. Here, we present the WRF-UCM-SOLWEIG framework to achieve fine-grained…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Xiaotian Ding , Yongling Zhao , Yifan Fan , Jian Ge , Jan Carmeliet

This study examines the dynamics of the urban heat island (UHI) effect by conducting a comparative analysis of air temperature hysteresis patterns in Paris and Madrid, two major European cities with distinct climatic and urban…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-18 Suman Dharmasthala , Vittal Hari , Rohini Kumar

As extreme heat events intensify due to climate change and urbanization, cities face increasing challenges in mitigating outdoor heat stress. While traditional physical models such as SOLWEIG and ENVI-met provide detailed assessments of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shengao Yi , Xiaojiang Li , Wei Tu , Tianhong Zhao

Air pollution is a major driver of climate change. Anthropogenic emissions from the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and power generation emit large amounts of problematic air pollutants, including Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Linus Scheibenreif , Michael Mommert , Damian Borth

Urban heatwaves, droughts, and land degradation are pressing and growing challenges in the context of climate change. A valuable approach to studying them requires accurate spatio-temporal information on land surface conditions. One of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Sofiane Bouaziz , Adel Hafiane , Raphael Canals , Rachid Nedjai

Climate models lack the necessary resolution for urban climate studies, requiring computationally intensive processes to estimate high resolution air temperatures. In contrast, Data-driven approaches offer faster and more accurate air…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Fatemeh Chajaei , Hossein Bagheri

Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health and well-being, particularly in urban areas. This study introduces a series of machine-learning models that integrate data from the Sentinel-5P satellite, meteorological conditions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Giacomo Blanco , Luca Barco , Lorenzo Innocenti , Claudio Rossi

Urban heat islands (UHIs) pose a critical challenge in densely populated cities and tropical climates where large amounts of energy are used to meet the cooling demand. To address this, Building and Construction Authority (BCA) of Singapore…

This paper presents a novel framework for prioritizing urban green space development in Tehran using diverse socio-economic, environmental, and sensitivity indices. The indices were derived from various sources including Google Earth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Mohammad Ganjirad , Mahmoud Reza Delavar , Hossein Bagheri , Mohammad Mehdi Azizi

Urban pollution poses serious health risks, particularly in relation to traffic-related air pollution, which remains a major concern in many cities. Vehicle emissions contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, especially for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Sen Yan , David J. O'Connor , Xiaojun Wang , Noel E. O'Connor , Alan F. Smeaton , Mingming Liu