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Modeling cyber risks has been an important but challenging task in the domain of cyber security. It is mainly because of the high dimensionality and heavy tails of risk patterns. Those obstacles have hindered the development of statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-16 Mingyue Zhang Wu , Jinzhu Luo , Xing Fang , Maochao Xu , Peng Zhao

We present the winning strategy for the EVA2025 Data Challenge, which aimed to estimate the probability of extreme precipitation events. These events occurred at most once in the dataset making the challenge fundamentally one of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Joseph de Vilmarest , Olivier Wintenberger

We introduce the extremal range, a local statistic for studying the spatial extent of extreme events in random fields on $\mathbb{R}^d$. Conditioned on exceedance of a high threshold at a location $s$, the extremal range at $s$ is the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Ryan Cotsakis , Elena Di Bernardino , Thomas Opitz

Multivariate extreme value analysis quantifies the probability and magnitude of joint extreme events. River discharges from the upper Danube River basin provide a challenging dataset for such analysis because the data, which is measured on…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-14 Aiden Farrell , Emma F. Eastoe , Clement Lee

This book provides a comprehensive introduction for the study of extreme events in the context of dynamical systems. The introduction provides a broad overview of the interdisciplinary research area of extreme events, underlining its…

Extreme value statistics (EVS) concerns the study of the statistics of the maximum or the minimum of a set of random variables. This is an important problem for any time-series and has applications in climate, finance, sports, all the way…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-21 Satya N. Majumdar , Arnab Pal

In risk management, often the probability must be estimated that a random vector falls into an extreme failure set. In the framework of bivariate extreme value theory, we construct an estimator for such failure probabilities and analyze its…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-04 Holger Drees , Laurens de Haan

Extreme value theory provides rigorous theory and statistical tools for extrapolation in machine learning, particularly in settings where traditional methods struggle due to data scarcity in the tails. A broad range of tasks benefit from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Sebastian Engelke , Nicola Gnecco , Anne Sabourin

The classical multivariate extreme-value theory concerns the modeling of extremes in a multivariate random sample, suggesting the use of max-stable distributions. In this work, the classical theory is extended to the case where aggregated…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-12 Enkelejd Hashorva , Simone A. Padoan , Stefano Rizzelli

The statistical theory of extremes is extended to observations that are non-stationary and not independent. The non-stationarity over time and space is controlled via the scedasis (tail scale) in the marginal distributions. Spatial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-10 John H. J. Einmahl , Ana Ferreira , Laurens de Haan , Claudia Neves , Chen Zhou

Detecting anomalies in a temporal sequence of graphs can be applied is areas such as the detection of accidents in transport networks and cyber attacks in computer networks. Existing methods for detecting abnormal graphs can suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi , Conrad Sanderson , Rob J. Hyndman

Modelling dependencies between climate extremes is important for climate risk assessment, for instance when allocating emergency management funds. In statistics, multivariate extreme value theory is often used to model spatial extremes.…

Extremal graphical models are sparse statistical models for multivariate extreme events. The underlying graph encodes conditional independencies and enables a visual interpretation of the complex extremal dependence structure. For the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-18 Sebastian Engelke , Stanislav Volgushev

Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to the growing interest in deploying RL agents in real-world scenarios. A critical aspect of risk awareness involves modeling highly rare risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Karthik Somayaji NS , Yu Wang , Malachi Schram , Jan Drgona , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Frank Liu , Peng Li

Extremal dependence between international stock markets is of particular interest in today's global financial landscape. However, previous studies have shown this dependence is not necessarily stationary over time. We concern ourselves with…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-09-06 Daniela Castro Camilo , Miguel de Carvalho , Jennifer Wadsworth

In the multivariate setting, estimates of extremal risk measures are important in many contexts, such as environmental planning and structural engineering. In this paper, we propose new estimation methods for extremal bivariate return…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-11 C. J. R. Murphy-Barltrop , J. L. Wadsworth , E. F. Eastoe

This study provides a summary of the theory which enables the analysis of extreme values, i.e., of measurements acquired from the observation of extraordinary/rare physical phenomena. The formalism is developed in a transparent way,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-07-02 Evangelos Matsinos

We introduce the concept of geometric extremal graphical models, which are defined through the gauge function of the limit set obtained from suitably scaled random vectors in light-tailed margins. For block graphs, we prove results relating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Ioannis Papastathopoulos , Jennifer Wadsworth

nsEVDx is an open-source Python package for fitting stationary and nonstationary Extreme Value Distributions (EVDs) to extreme value data. It can be used to model extreme events in fields like hydrology, climate science, finance, and…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-10 Nischal Kafle , Claudio I. Meier

In classical extreme value theory probabilities of extreme events are estimated assuming all the components of a random vector to be in a domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution. In contrast, the conditional extreme value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-08-30 Bikramjit Das , Sidney I. Resnick