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When existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) solutions are intended to be used for new knowledge domains, it is necessary to update their encoders, which are taken to be pretrained large language models (LLMs). However, fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Marijan Fofonjka , Shahryar Zehtabi , Alireza Behtash , Tyler Mauer , David Stout

Organizations are increasingly adopting and adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) hosted on public repositories such as HuggingFace. Although these adaptations often improve performance on specialized downstream tasks, recent evidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Mina Taraghi , Yann Pequignot , Amin Nikanjam , Mohamed Amine Merzouk , Foutse Khomh

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their substantial model sizes often require substantial computational resources. To preserve computing resources and accelerate inference speed, it is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yirao Zhao , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing , Wenxuan Zhang

Sensitive information detection is crucial in content moderation to maintain safe online communities. Assisting in this traditionally manual process could relieve human moderators from overwhelming and tedious tasks, allowing them to focus…

Recently, prompt tuning \cite{lester2021power} has gradually become a new paradigm for NLP, which only depends on the representation of the words by freezing the parameters of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to obtain remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Pan He , Yuxi Chen , Yan Wang , Yanru Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world applications, yet their internal mechanisms remain difficult to interpret and control, limiting our ability to diagnose and correct undesirable behaviors. Mechanistic…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on clinical de-identification, the task of identifying sensitive identifiers to protect privacy. However, previous work has not examined their generalizability between formats,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Noopur Zambare , Kiana Aghakasiri , Carissa Lin , Carrie Ye , J. Ross Mitchell , Mohamed Abdalla

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in various language tasks has attracted considerable attention. However, the ever-increasing size of these models presents growing challenges for deployment and inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiayu Qin , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Wei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly facilitated human life, and prompt engineering has improved the efficiency of these models. However, recent years have witnessed a rise in prompt engineering-empowered attacks, leading to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Haiyang Huang , Tianhui Meng , Weijia Jia

Existing approaches for Large language model (LLM) detoxification generally rely on training on large-scale non-toxic or human-annotated preference data, designing prompts to instruct the LLM to generate safe content, or modifying the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuanhe Tian , Mingjie Deng , Guoqing Jin , Yan Song

In this paper we generalize and extend an idea of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer architecture. Widely used LoRA-like methods of fine-tuning LLMs are based on matrix factorization of gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Daniel Bershatsky , Daria Cherniuk , Talgat Daulbaev , Aleksandr Mikhalev , Ivan Oseledets

How is knowledge stored in an LLM's weights? We study this via layer pruning: if removing a certain layer does not affect model performance in common question-answering benchmarks, then the weights in that layer are not necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Andrey Gromov , Kushal Tirumala , Hassan Shapourian , Paolo Glorioso , Daniel A. Roberts

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved revolutionary breakthroughs in many fields, their large model size and high computational cost pose significant challenges for practical deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yao Lu , Yuqi Li , Wenbin Xie , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan , Zhaowei Zhu , Shiping Wen

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess outstanding capabilities in addressing various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the sheer size of these models poses challenges in terms of storage, training and inference due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Shuzhou Yuan , Ercong Nie , Bolei Ma , Michael Färber

This paper introduces a novel approach for identifying the possible large language models (LLMs) involved in text generation. Instead of adding an additional classification layer to a base LM, we reframe the classification task as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yutian Chen , Hao Kang , Vivian Zhai , Liangze Li , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Large language models (LLMs) are renowned for their exceptional capabilities, and applying to a wide range of applications. However, this widespread use brings significant vulnerabilities. Also, it is well observed that there are huge gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Md Abdur Rahman , Hossain Shahriar , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing, yet their high computational and memory demands pose challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. Although recent low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiayi Tian , Ryan Solgi , Jinming Lu , Yifan Yang , Hai Li , Zheng Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) such as Llama-2 or GPT-4 have shown impressive zero-shot performance, fine-tuning is still necessary to enhance their performance for customized datasets, domain-specific tasks, or other private needs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Chia-Yi Hsu , Yu-Lin Tsai , Chih-Hsun Lin , Pin-Yu Chen , Chia-Mu Yu , Chun-Ying Huang
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