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This expository article gives a survey of matrix convex sets, a natural generalization of convex sets to the noncommutative (dimension-free) setting, with a focus on their extreme points. Mirroring the classical setting, extreme points play…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Eric Evert , Benjamin Passer , Tea Štrekelj

Motivated by classical notions of partial convexity, biconvexity, and bilinear matrix inequalities, we investigate the theory of free sets that are defined by (low degree) noncommutative matrix polynomials with constrained terms. Given a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Michael Jury , Igor Klep , Mark E. Mancuso , Scott McCullough , James Eldred Pascoe

Matrix convexity generalizes convexity to the dimension free setting and has connections to many mathematical and applied pursuits including operator theory, quantum information, noncommutative optimization, and linear control systems. In…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Eric Evert

For matrix convex sets a unified geometric interpretation of notions of extreme points and of Arveson boundary points is given. These notions include, in increasing order of strength, the core notions of "Euclidean" extreme points, "matrix"…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-06-05 Eric Evert , J. William Helton , Igor Klep , Scott McCullough

This article shows the existence of a class of closed bounded matrix convex sets which do not have absolute extreme points. The sets we consider are noncommutative sets, $K_X$, formed by taking matrix convex combinations of a single tuple…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Eric Evert

The purpose of this paper is to give a self-contained overview of the theory of matrix convex sets and free spectrahedra. We will give new proofs and generalizations of key theorems. However we will also introduce various new concepts and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Tom-Lukas Kriel

A spectrahedron is a convex set defined by a linear matrix inequality, i.e., the set of all $x \in \mathbb{R}^g$ such that \[ L_A(x) = I + A_1 x_1 + A_2 x_2 + \dots + A_g x_g \succeq 0 \] for some symmetric matrices $A_1,\ldots,A_g$. This…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-31 Aidan Epperly , Eric Evert , J. William Helton , Igor Klep

In this paper we generalize a specific quantized convexity structure of the generalized state space of a $C^*$-algebra and examine the associated extreme points. We introduce the notion of $P$-$C^*$-convex subsets, where $P$ is any positive…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Anand O. R , K. Sumesh

We study $\mathbb{R}^2\oplus\mathbb{R}$-separately convex hulls of finite sets of points in $\mathbb{R}^3$, as in KirchheimMullerSverak2003. This notion of convexity, which we call $2+1$ convexity, corresponds to rank-one convex convexity,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-09-30 Pablo Angulo , Carlos García-Gutiérrez

Let $ SM_n(\mathbb{R})^g$ denote $g$-tuples of $n \times n$ real symmetric matrices. Given tuples $X=(X_1, \dots, X_g) \in SM_{n_1}(\mathbb{R})^g$ and $Y=(Y_1, \dots, Y_g) \in SM_{n_2}(\mathbb{R})^g$, a matrix convex combination of $X$ and…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Eric Evert , J. William Helton

In this article we develop a duality principle suitable for a large class of problems in optimization. The main result is obtained through basic tools of convex analysis and duality theory. We establish a correct relation between the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-26 Fabio Botelho

The generalized state space $ S_{\mathcal{H}}(\mathcal{\mathcal{A}})$ of all unital completely positive (UCP) maps on a unital $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ taking values in the algebra $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$ of all bounded operators on a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-01-17 B. V. Rajarama Bhat , Manish Kumar

Evert and Helton proved that real free spectrahedra are the matrix convex hulls of their absolute extreme points. However, this result does not extend to complex free spectrahedra, and we examine multiple ways in which the analogous result…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-12 Benjamin Passer

This article resides in the realm of the noncommutative (free) analog of real algebraic geometry - the study of polynomial inequalities and equations over the real numbers - with a focus on matrix convex sets $C$ and their projections $\hat…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-04-27 J. William Helton , Igor Klep , Scott McCullough

We consider the convex set of ( unital ) positive ( completely ) maps from a $C^*$ algebra $\cla$ to a von-Neumann sub-algebra $\clm$ of $\clb(\clh)$, the algebra of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space $\clh$ and study its extreme…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Anilesh Mohari

A set in the Euclidean plane is said to be biconvex if, for some angle $\theta\in[0,\pi/2)$, all its sections along straight lines with inclination angles $\theta$ and $\theta+\pi/2$ are convex sets (i.e, empty sets or segments).…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Antonio Cuevas

We study semigroups of convex monotone operators on spaces of continuous functions and their behaviour with respect to $\Gamma$-convergence. In contrast to the linear theory, the domain of the generator is, in general, not invariant under…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Jonas Blessing , Robert Denk , Michael Kupper , Max Nendel

We determine the extreme points and facets of the convex hull of all dual degree partitions of simple graphs on $n$ vertices.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Amitava Bhattacharya , Shmuel Friedland , Uri N. Peled

In this paper we introduce and study the concept of set extremality for systems of convex sets in vector spaces without topological structures. Characterizations of the extremal systems of sets are obtained in the form of the convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Dang Van Cuong , Boris Mordukhovich , Nguyen Mau Nam

Let \Gamma be a structure with a finite relational signature and a first-order definition in (R;*,+) with parameters from R, that is, a relational structure over the real numbers where all relations are semi-algebraic sets. In this article,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Manuel Bodirsky , Peter Jonsson , Timo von Oertzen
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