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The goal of neuro-symbolic AI is to integrate symbolic and subsymbolic AI approaches, to overcome the limitations of either. Prominent systems include Logic Tensor Networks (LTN) or DeepProbLog, which offer neural predicates and end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Stephen Roth , Lennart Baur , Derian Boer , Stefan Kramer

Generative AI, especially via Large Language Models (LLMs), has transformed content creation across text, images, and music, showcasing capabilities in following instructions through prompting, largely facilitated by instruction tuning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Amit Sheth , Vishal Pallagani , Kaushik Roy

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in general, and deep learning in particular have reached unprecedented impact not only across research communities, but also over popular media channels. However, concerns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Marco Gori , Luis C. Lamb , Luciano Serafini , Michael Spranger , Son N. Tran

The field of neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence (NeSy), which combines learning and reasoning, has recently experienced significant growth. There now are a wide variety of NeSy frameworks, each with its own specific language for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Emile van Krieken , Samy Badreddine , Robin Manhaeve , Eleonora Giunchiglia

In recent years, data-intensive AI, particularly the domain of natural language processing and understanding, has seen significant progress driven by the advent of large datasets and deep neural networks that have sidelined more classic AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Nikhil Krishnaswamy , James Pustejovsky

Sequential scaling is a prominent inference-time scaling paradigm, yet its performance improvements are typically modest and not well understood, largely due to the prevalence of heuristic, non-principled approaches that obscure clear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Youkang Wang , Jian Wang , Rubing Chen , Tianyi Zeng , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

Neurosymbolic AI deals with models that combine symbolic processing, like classic AI, and neural networks, as it's a very established area. These models are emerging as an effort toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by both…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wandemberg Gibaut , Leonardo Pereira , Fabio Grassiotto , Alexandre Osorio , Eder Gadioli , Amparo Munoz , Sildolfo Gomes , Claudio dos Santos

Despite achieving tremendous success, existing deep learning models have exposed limitations in compositional generalization, the capability to learn compositional rules and apply them to unseen cases in a systematic manner. To tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Xinyun Chen , Chen Liang , Adams Wei Yu , Dawn Song , Denny Zhou

In a noisy environment, a lossy speech signal can be automatically restored by a listener if he/she knows the language well. That is, with the built-in knowledge of a "language model", a listener may effectively suppress noise interference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Chien-Feng Liao , Yu Tsao , Xugang Lu , Hisashi Kawai

Reconciling symbolic and distributed representations is a crucial challenge that can potentially resolve the limitations of current deep learning. Remarkable advances in this direction have been achieved recently via generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Jindong Jiang , Sungjin Ahn

Deep Learning (DL) models have become popular for solving complex problems, but they have limitations such as the need for high-quality training data, lack of transparency, and robustness issues. Neuro-Symbolic AI has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Andrea Rafanelli

Intent-based networks that integrate sophisticated machine reasoning technologies will be a cornerstone of future wireless 6G systems. Intent-based communication requires the network to consider the semantics (meanings) and effectiveness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Walid Saad

Graph neural networks (GNNs) excel at predictive tasks on graph-structured data but often lack the ability to incorporate symbolic domain knowledge and perform general reasoning. Relational Bayesian Networks (RBNs), in contrast, enable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Raffaele Pojer , Andrea Passerini , Kim G. Larsen , Manfred Jaeger

Entity alignment (EA) aims to merge two knowledge graphs (KGs) by identifying equivalent entity pairs. Existing methods can be categorized into symbolic and neural models. Symbolic models, while precise, struggle with substructure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shengyuan Chen , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Wen Hua , Jiannong Cao , Xiao Huang

Neurosymbolic AI aims to integrate deep learning with symbolic AI. This integration has many promises, such as decreasing the amount of data required to train a neural network, improving the explainability and interpretability of answers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Emile van Krieken

Knowledge representation and reasoning in neural networks have been a long-standing endeavor which has attracted much attention recently. The principled integration of reasoning and learning in neural networks is a main objective of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Son Tran , Edjard Mota , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Neurosymbolic approaches can add robustness to opaque neural systems by incorporating explainable symbolic representations. However, previous approaches have not used formal logic to contextualize queries to and validate outputs of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Priyesh Vakharia , Abigail Kufeldt , Max Meyers , Ian Lane , Leilani Gilpin

We present a probabilistic programmed deep kernel learning approach to personalized, predictive modeling of neurodegenerative diseases. Our analysis considers a spectrum of neural and symbolic machine learning approaches, which we assess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Alexander Lavin

This paper proposes a new sequential model learning architecture to solve partially observable Markov decision problems. Rather than compressing sequential information at every timestep as in conventional recurrent neural network-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Giseung Park , Sungho Choi , Youngchul Sung

Analogical Reasoning problems challenge both connectionist and symbolic AI systems as these entail a combination of background knowledge, reasoning and pattern recognition. While symbolic systems ingest explicit domain knowledge and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Vishwa Shah , Aditya Sharma , Gautam Shroff , Lovekesh Vig , Tirtharaj Dash , Ashwin Srinivasan
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