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Modern cloud platforms increasingly host large-scale deep learning (DL) workloads, demanding high-throughput, low-latency GPU scheduling. However, the growing heterogeneity of GPU clusters and limited visibility into application…

Modern machine learning (ML) training workloads place substantial demands on both computational and communication resources. Consequently, accurate performance estimation has become increasingly critical for guiding system design decisions,…

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has become pivotal for enhancing the capabilities of modern large models. A recent trend is to develop RL systems with a fully disaggregated architecture, which decouples the three RL phases…

Distributed Machine Learning (DML) systems are utilized to enhance the speed of model training in data centers (DCs) and edge nodes. The Parameter Server (PS) communication architecture is commonly employed, but it faces severe long-tail…

Large-scale LLM pretraining now runs across $10^5$--$10^6$ accelerators, making failures routine and elasticity mandatory. We posit that an elastic-native training system must jointly deliver (i) parameter consistency, (ii) low mean time to…

The Streaming Multiprocessors (SMs) of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) execute instructions from a group of consecutive threads, called warps. At each cycle, an SM schedules a warp from a group of active warps and can context switch among…

In the training of large language models, momentum is widely used and often demonstrated to achieve significant acceleration. However, storing momentum typically presents memory challenges. In this paper, we propose AdaPM, an adaptive…

Deep video recognition is more computationally expensive than image recognition, especially on large-scale datasets like Kinetics [1]. Therefore, training scalability is essential to handle a large amount of videos. In this paper, we study…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, processing millions of daily requests. This surge in demand poses significant challenges in optimizing throughput and latency while keeping costs manageable. The Key-Value…

Data parallel ML models can take several days or weeks to train on several accelerators. The long duration of training relies on the cluster of resources to be available for the job to keep running for the entire duration. On a mesh network…

Larger deep learning models usually lead to higher model quality with an ever-increasing GPU memory footprint. Although tensor checkpointing techniques have been proposed to enable training under a restricted GPU memory budget, the input…

The development of large-scale foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is constrained by significant computational and memory bottlenecks. These challenges elevate throughput optimization from a mere engineering task…

To reduce user costs and maximize cluster utilization, large model training increasingly leverages volatile but inexpensive GPU capacity, such as spot instances and reclaimable resources in shared clusters. Yet, capitalizing on these…

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Trajectory planning is a core task in autonomous driving, requiring the prediction of safe and comfortable paths across diverse scenarios. Integrating Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising potential in Vision-Language Navigation (VLN). However, their practical development is severely hindered by the substantial training overhead. We recognize two key issues that…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become central to training large language models (LLMs), yet the field lacks predictive scaling methodologies comparable to those established for pre-training. Despite rapidly rising compute budgets, there is…

Transformers and large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized machine learning, with attention mechanisms at the core of their success. As the landscape of attention variants expands, so too do the challenges of optimizing their…

On-device training is essential for neural networks (NNs) to continuously adapt to new online data, but can be time-consuming due to the device's limited computing power. To speed up on-device training, existing schemes select trainable NN…

The suspension regulation is critical to the operation of medium-low-speed maglev trains (mlsMTs). Due to uncertain environment, strong disturbances and high nonlinearity of the system dynamics, this problem cannot be well solved by most of…