English
Related papers

Related papers: When to Speak, When to Abstain: Contrastive Decodi…

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for generating text in a variety of use cases, including journalistic news articles. Given the potential malicious nature in which these LLMs can be used to generate disinformation at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Tharindu Kumarage , Raha Moraffah , Huan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

Multilingual LLMs often have knowledge disparities across languages, with larger gaps in under-resourced languages. Teaching LLMs to abstain in the face of knowledge gaps is thus a promising strategy to mitigate hallucinations in…

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating content that deviates from facts seen during pretraining. We propose a simple decoding strategy for reducing hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yung-Sung Chuang , Yujia Xie , Hongyin Luo , Yoon Kim , James Glass , Pengcheng He

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate the capacity to reconstruct and trace learned content from their training data under specific elicitation conditions, yet this capability does not manifest in standard generation contexts. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Toshiyuki Shigemura

Large language models (LLMs) encode parametric knowledge about world facts and have shown remarkable performance in knowledge-driven NLP tasks. However, their reliance on parametric knowledge may cause them to overlook contextual cues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wenxuan Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Despite efforts to expand the knowledge of large language models (LLMs), knowledge gaps -- missing or outdated information in LLMs -- might always persist given the evolving nature of knowledge. In this work, we study approaches to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shangbin Feng , Weijia Shi , Yike Wang , Wenxuan Ding , Vidhisha Balachandran , Yulia Tsvetkov

Large language models (LLMs) excel at a range of tasks through in-context learning (ICL), where only a few task examples guide their predictions. However, prior research highlights that LLMs often overlook input-label mapping information in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Keqin Peng , Liang Ding , Yuanxin Ouyang , Meng Fang , Yancheng Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Using responses generated by high-performing large language models (LLMs) for instruction tuning has become a widely adopted approach. However, the existing literature overlooks a property of LLM-generated responses: they conflate world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tatsuya Ichinose , Youmi Ma , Masanari Oi , Ryuto Koike , Naoaki Okazaki

Contrastive learning (CL) has become a ubiquitous approach for several natural language processing (NLP) downstream tasks, especially for question answering (QA). However, the major challenge, how to efficiently train the knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Wenshen Xu , Mieradilijiang Maimaiti , Yuanhang Zheng , Xin Tang , Ji Zhang

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) often generate refusal responses to harmless queries due to the over-refusal problem. However, existing methods for mitigating over-refusal cannot maintain a low refusal ratio for harmless queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yupeng Qi , Ziyu Lyu , Lixin Cui , Lu Bai , Feng Xia

This study delves into the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging domain of conditional question-answering. Utilizing the Conditional Question Answering (CQA) dataset and focusing on generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Syed-Amad Hussain , Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

Language models (LMs) often struggle to pay enough attention to the input context, and generate texts that are unfaithful or contain hallucinations. To mitigate this issue, we present context-aware decoding (CAD), which follows a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Weijia Shi , Xiaochuang Han , Mike Lewis , Yulia Tsvetkov , Luke Zettlemoyer , Scott Wen-tau Yih

The training data in large language models is key to their success, but it also presents privacy and security risks, as it may contain sensitive information. Detecting pre-training data is crucial for mitigating these concerns. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Cheng Wang , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) faces considerable challenges concerning resource constraints and inference efficiency. Recent research has increasingly focused on smaller, task-specific models enhanced by distilling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Yiqing Cai , Hang Song , Qi Qi , Ran Zhou , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang , Li Xiao

The correct model response in the face of uncertainty is to abstain from answering a question so as not to mislead the user. In this work, we study the ability of LLMs to abstain from answering context-dependent science questions when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bingbing Wen , Bill Howe , Lucy Lu Wang

The applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in temporal reasoning tasks over data that is not present during training is still a field that remains to be explored. In this paper we work on this topic, focusing on structured and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alfredo Garrachón Ruiz , Tomás de la Rosa , Daniel Borrajo

Large language models accumulate extensive parametric knowledge through pre-training. However, knowledge conflicts occur when outdated or incorrect parametric knowledge conflicts with external knowledge in the context. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yigeng Zhou , Wu Li , Yifan Lu , Yequan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Wenya Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang , Jing Li