Related papers: Optimizing System Memory Bandwidth with Micron CXL…
In our exploration of Composable Memory systems utilizing CXL, we focus on overcoming adoption barriers at Hyperscale, underscored by economic models demonstrating Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). While CXL addresses the pressing memory…
The Compute Express Link (CXL) technology facilitates the extension of CPU memory through byte-addressable SerDes links and cascaded switches, creating complex heterogeneous memory systems where CPU access to various endpoints differs in…
As the memory channel count is confined by physical dimensions, memory expanders appear to be a promising approach to extending memory capacity and channels by augmenting the existing I/O interface (e.g., PCIe) with memory-semantic…
Emerging Compute Express Link (CXL) enables cost-efficient memory expansion beyond the local DRAM of processors. While its CXL$.$mem protocol provides minimal latency overhead through an optimized protocol stack, frequent CXL memory…
Heterogeneous memory technologies are increasingly important instruments in addressing the memory wall in HPC systems. While most are deployed in single node setups, CXL.mem is a technology that implements memories that can be attached to…
Increasing workload demands and emerging technologies necessitate the use of various memory and storage tiers in computing systems. This paper presents results from a CXL-based Experimental Memory Request Logger that reveals precise memory…
Memory resources in data centers generally suffer from low utilization and lack of dynamics. Memory disaggregation solves these problems by decoupling CPU and memory, which currently includes approaches based on RDMA or interconnection…
CXL (Compute Express Link) is an emerging open industry-standard interconnect between processing and memory devices that is expected to revolutionize the way systems are designed. It enables cache-coherent, shared memory pools in a…
Hardware accelerators have become a de-facto standard to achieve high performance on current supercomputers and there are indications that this trend will increase in the future. Modern accelerators feature high-bandwidth memory next to the…
Large-scale AI training and inference require hundreds of gigabytes to terabytes of DRAM with high peak to average utilization ratios, resulting in overprovisioning. In cloud computing, DRAM constitutes a significant share of the cost. Yet,…
PCIe devices, such as SSDs and GPUs, are pivotal in modern data centers, and their value is set to grow amidst the emergence of AI and large models. However, these devices face onboard DRAM shortage issue due to internal space limitation,…
CXLMemSim is a fast, lightweight simulation framework that enables performance characterization of memory systems based on Compute Express Link (CXL) .mem technology. CXL.mem allows disaggregation and pooling of memory to mitigate memory…
Compute Express Link (CXL) switch allows memory extension via PCIe physical layer to address increasing demand for larger memory capacities in data centers. However, CXL attached memory introduces 170ns to 400ns memory latency. This becomes…
Memory disaggregation is an emerging technology that decouples memory from traditional memory buses, enabling independent scaling of compute and memory. Compute Express Link (CXL), an open-standard interconnect technology, facilitates…
The Aurora supercomputer is an exascale-class system designed to tackle some of the most demanding computational workloads. Equipped with both High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and DDR memory, it provides unique trade-offs in performance,…
Industries are recently considering the adoption of cloud computing for hosting safety critical applications. However, the use of multicore processors usually adopted in the cloud introduces temporal anomalies due to contention for shared…
Datacenter applications often rely on remote procedure calls (RPCs) for fast, efficient, and secure communication. However, RPCs are slow, inefficient, and hard to use as they require expensive serialization and compression to communicate…
We present a thorough analysis of the use of modern heterogeneous systems interconnected by various cachecoherent links, including CXL, NVLink-C2C, and Infinity Fabric. We studied a wide range of server systems that combined CPUs from…
Hardware based memory pooling enabled by interconnect standards like CXL have been gaining popularity amongst cloud providers and system integrators. While pooling memory resources has cost benefits, it comes at a penalty of increased…
As the size of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models and datasets grows, the memory bandwidth becomes a critical bottleneck. The paper presents a novel extended memory hierarchy that addresses some major memory…