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We explore the adoption of graph representation learning (GRL) algorithms to investigate similarities across services offered by Decentralized Finance (DeFi) protocols. Following existing literature, we use Ethereum transaction data to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-25 Junliang Luo , Stefan Kitzler , Pietro Saggese

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Jianbo Gao , Han Liu , Chao Liu , Qingshan Li , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

Transaction checkout fraud detection is an essential risk control components for E-commerce marketplaces. In order to leverage graph networks to decrease fraud rate efficiently and guarantee the information flow passed through neighbors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Mingxuan Lu , Zhichao Han , Zitao Zhang , Yang Zhao , Yinan Shan

Contracts are complex documents featuring detailed formal structures, explicit and implicit dependencies and rich semantic content. Given these document properties, contract drafting and manual examination of contracts have proven to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Moriya Dechtiar , Daniel Martin Katz , Mari Sundaresan , Sylvain Jaume , Hongming Wang

Smart contracts are programs stored and executed on a blockchain. The Ethereum platform, an open-source blockchain-based platform, has been designed to use these programs offering secured protocols and transaction costs reduction. The…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Jeremy Charlier , Radu State , Jean Hilger

The inherent determinism of blockchain technology poses a significant challenge to generating secure random numbers within smart contracts, leading to exploitable vulnerabilities, particularly in decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hadis Rezaei , Ahmed Afif Monrat , Karl Andersson , Francesco Flammini

Ethereum is a distributed blockchain that can execute smart contracts, which inter-communicate and perform transactions automatically. The execution of smart contracts is paid in the form of gas, which is a monetary unit used in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Kirk Baird , Seongho Jeong , Yeonsoo Kim , Bernd Burgstaller , Bernhard Scholz

Ethereum smart contracts are an innovation built on top of the blockchain technology, which provides a platform for automatically executing contracts in an anonymous, distributed, and trusted way. The problem is magnified by the fact that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Jialiang Chang , Bo Gao , Hao Xiao , Jun Sun , Yan Cai , Zijiang Yang

With the growth of mobile devices and applications, the number of malicious software, or malware, is rapidly increasing in recent years, which calls for the development of advanced and effective malware detection approaches. Traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Rui Zhu , Chenglin Li , Di Niu , Hongwen Zhang , Husam Kinawi

Blockchain and decentralized finance have revolutionized the financial ecosystem while simultaneously exposing it to cryptocurrency phishing attacks. Existing phishing detection methods primarily rely on graph learning, but they face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Siqi Lin , Hongda Li , Ziming Zhao

While graph-derived signals are widely used in tabular learning, existing studies typically rely on limited experimental setups and average performance comparisons, leaving the statistical reliability and robustness of observed gains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mario Heidrich , Jeffrey Heidemann , Rüdiger Buchkremer , Gonzalo Wandosell Fernández de Bobadilla

Smart contracts are appealing because they are self-executing business agreements between parties with the predefined and immutable obligations and rights. However, as with all software, smart contracts may contain vulnerabilities because…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Weifeng Xu , Glenn A. Fink

The web3 applications have recently been growing, especially on the Ethereum platform, starting to become the target of scammers. The web3 scams, imitating the services provided by legitimate platforms, mimic regular activity to deceive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Zhijie Liu , Meikang Qiu , Zhiquan Liu , Sen Nie , Zongwei Li , Shi Wu , Yuqing Zhang

Financial transactions can be considered edges in a heterogeneous graph between entities sending money and entities receiving money. For financial institutions, such a graph is likely large (with millions or billions of edges) while also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 C. Bayan Bruss , Anish Khazane , Jonathan Rider , Richard Serpe , Antonia Gogoglou , Keegan E. Hines

With the frantic development of smart contracts on the Ethereum platform, its market value has also climbed. In 2016, people were shocked by the loss of nearly $50 million in cryptocurrencies from the DAO reentrancy attack. Due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Xiaotao Feng , Qin Wang , Xiaogang Zhu , Sheng Wen

E-commerce platforms and payment solution providers face increasingly sophisticated fraud schemes, ranging from identity theft and account takeovers to complex money laundering operations that exploit the speed and anonymity of digital…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Cooper Lin , Yanting Zhang , Maohao Ran , Wei Xue , Hongwei Fan , Yibo Xu , Zhenglin Wan , Sirui Han , Yike Guo , Jun Song

Credit card fraud imposes significant costs on both cardholders and issuing banks. Fraudsters often disguise their crimes, such as using legitimate transactions through several benign users to bypass anti-fraud detection. Existing graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yao Zou , Dawei Cheng

While smart contracts are foundational elements of blockchain applications, their inherent susceptibility to security vulnerabilities poses a significant challenge. Existing training datasets employed for vulnerability detection tools may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Cuong Tran Manh , Hieu Dinh Vo

Representation learning on graphs has been gaining attention due to its wide applicability in predicting missing links, and classifying and recommending nodes. Most embedding methods aim to preserve certain properties of the original graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Palash Goyal , Di Huang , Sujit Rokka Chhetri , Arquimedes Canedo , Jaya Shree , Evan Patterson

As one of the representative blockchain platforms, Ethereum has attracted lots of attacks. Due to the existed financial loss, there is a pressing need to perform timely investigation and detect more attack instances. Though multiple systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Lei Wu , Siwei Wu , Yajin Zhou , Runhuai Li , Zhi Wang , Xiapu Luo , Cong Wang , Kui Ren
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