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Medical image registration is an active research topic and forms a basis for many medical image analysis tasks. Although image registration is a rather general concept specialized methods are usually required to target a specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Robin Sandkühler , Christoph Jud , Simon Andermatt , Philippe C. Cattin

Autonomous Science is a field of study which aims to extend the autonomy of exploration robots from low level functionality, such as on-board perception and obstacle avoidance, to science autonomy, which allows scientists to specify…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Akash Arora , Robert Fitch , Salah Sukkarieh

Scientific discovery is a complex cognitive process that has driven human knowledge and technological progress for centuries. While artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advances in automating aspects of scientific reasoning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chandan K Reddy , Parshin Shojaee

Machine learning research has advanced in multiple aspects, including model structures and learning methods. The effort to automate such research, known as AutoML, has also made significant progress. However, this progress has largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Esteban Real , Chen Liang , David R. So , Quoc V. Le

Automated scientific discovery promises to accelerate progress across scientific domains. However, developing and evaluating an AI agent's capacity for end-to-end scientific reasoning is challenging as running real-world experiments is…

There has been unprecedented interest in developing agents that expand the boundary of scientific discovery, primarily by optimizing quantitative objective functions specified by scientists. However, for grand challenges in science, these…

We present Claw AI Lab, a lab-native autonomous research platform that advances automated research from a hidden prompt-to-paper pipeline into an interactive AI laboratory. Rather than centering the system around a single agent or a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Fan Wu , Cheng Chen , Zhenshan Tan , Taiyu Zhang , Xinzhen Xu , Yanyu Qian , Dingcheng Gao , Lanyun Zhu , Qi Zhu , Yi Tan , Deyi Ji , Guosheng Lin , Tianrun Chen , Deheng Ye , Fayao Liu

Modern scientific discovery increasingly requires coordinating distributed facilities and heterogeneous resources, forcing researchers to act as manual workflow coordinators rather than scientists. Advances in AI leading to AI agents show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Woong Shin , Renan Souza , Daniel Rosendo , Frédéric Suter , Feiyi Wang , Prasanna Balaprakash , Rafael Ferreira da Silva

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs), by combining automation with machine learning-guided experiment selection, have the potential to transform experimental materials science. To date, most SDLs have been optimisation-driven, designed to…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-24 Jonathan Staaf Scragg

Science laboratory automation enables accelerated discovery in life sciences and materials. However, it requires interdisciplinary collaboration to address challenges such as robust and flexible autonomy, reproducibility, throughput,…

Optics is foundational to research in many areas of science and engineering, including nanophotonics, quantum information, materials science, biomedical imaging, and metrology. However, the design, assembly, and alignment of optical…

Utilizing potent representations of the large vision-language models (VLMs) to accomplish various downstream tasks has attracted increasing attention. Within this research field, soft prompt learning has become a representative approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yequan Bie , Luyang Luo , Zhixuan Chen , Hao Chen

Simulations are the best approximation to experimental laboratories in astrophysics and cosmology. However, the complexity, richness, and large size of their outputs severely limit the interpretability of their predictions. We describe a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-07 Kai L. Polsterer , Bernd Doser , Andreas Fehlner , Sebastian Trujillo-Gomez

Microscopy techniques have played vital roles in materials science, biology, and nanotechnology, offering high-resolution imaging and detailed insights into properties at nanoscale and atomic level. The automation of microscopy experiments,…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-08-06 Utkarsh Pratiush , Hiroshi Funakubo , Rama Vasudevan , Sergei V. Kalinin , Yongtao Liu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in multi-step reasoning tasks, yet their reliance on extensive manual labeling to provide procedural feedback remains a significant impediment. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhaorun Chen , Zhuokai Zhao , Zhihong Zhu , Ruiqi Zhang , Xiang Li , Bhiksha Raj , Huaxiu Yao

The increasing availability of large-scale datasets has fueled rapid progress across many scientific fields, creating unprecedented opportunities for research and discovery while posing significant analytical challenges. Recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Erzhuo Shao , Yifang Wang , Yifan Qian , Zhenyu Pan , Han Liu , Dashun Wang

Over the past few years, we have seen fundamental breakthroughs in core problems in machine learning, largely driven by advances in deep neural networks. At the same time, the amount of data collected in a wide array of scientific domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Maithra Raghu , Eric Schmidt

Deep learning (DL) has proven to be a highly effective approach for developing models in diverse contexts, including visual perception, speech recognition, and machine translation. However, the end-to-end process for applying DL is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Xuanyi Dong , David Jacob Kedziora , Katarzyna Musial , Bogdan Gabrys

Automated decision-making is becoming key for automated characterization including electron and scanning probe microscopies and nano indentation. Most machine learning driven workflows optimize a single predefined objective and tend to…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-07 Kamyar Barakati , Boris N. Slautin , Utkarsh Pratiush , Hiroshi Funakubo , Sergei V. Kalinin

The automated generation of layouts is vital for embodied intelligence and autonomous systems, supporting applications from virtual environment construction to home robot deployment. Current approaches, however, suffer from spatial…