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A key challenge in AI alignment is guiding large language models (LLMs) to follow desired behaviors at test time. Activation steering, which modifies internal model activations during inference, offers a potential solution. However, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Reza Bayat , Ali Rahimi-Kalahroudi , Mohammad Pezeshki , Sarath Chandar , Pascal Vincent

Activation sparsity can reduce the computational overhead and memory transfers during the forward pass of Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Existing methods face limitations, either demanding time-consuming recovery training that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kai Liu , Bowen Xu , Shaoyu Wu , Xin Chen , Hao Zhou , Yongliang Tao , Lulu Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive information during training, posing significant privacy risks. Machine unlearning has emerged as a promising solution to selectively remove such information without full retraining.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yuze Wang , Yujia Tong , Xuan Liu , Junhao Dong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Activation sparsity offers a compelling route to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference by selectively suppressing hidden activations, yet existing approaches exhibit severe accuracy degradation at high sparsity. We show that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Haotian Xu , Jiannan Yang , Tian Gao , Tsui-Wei Weng , Tengfei Ma

Large Artificial Intelligence Models (LAMs) powered by massive datasets, extensive parameter scales, and extensive computational resources, leading to significant transformations across various industries. Yet, their practical deployment on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xianke Qiang , Hongda Liu , Xinran Zhang , Zheng Chang , Ying-Chang Liang

The increasing size and complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) pose challenges for their deployment on personal computers and mobile devices. Aggressive post-training model compression is necessary to reduce the models' size, but it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zining Zhang , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , Zhenjie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but are difficult to deploy due to high memory and compute costs. While pruning reduces these demands, most methods ignore activation sparsity observed at runtime. We reinterpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ruokai Yin , Yuhang Li , Donghyun Lee , Priyadarshini Panda

The colossal parameters and computational overhead of Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge their real-world applications. Network pruning, which targets unstructured or structured sparsity by removing redundant parameters, has recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yuxin Wang , Minghua Ma , Zekun Wang , Jingchang Chen , Huiming Fan , Liping Shan , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

The growing complexity of network traffic and demand for ultra-low latency communication require smarter packet traffic management. Existing Deep Learning-based queuing approaches struggle with dynamic network scenarios and demand high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shiva Raj Pokhrel , Deol Satish , Jonathan Kua , Anwar Walid

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed on mobile devices, but the limited DRAM capacity constrains the deployable model size. This paper introduces ActiveFlow, the first LLM inference framework that can achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Fucheng Jia , Zewen Wu , Shiqi Jiang , Huiqiang Jiang , Qianxi Zhang , Yuqing Yang , Yunxin Liu , Ju Ren , Deyu Zhang , Ting Cao

While large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, their massive scale incurs prohibitive computational and memory costs for pre-training from scratch. Recent studies have investigated the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jiaxi Li , Lu Yin , Li Shen , Jinjin Xu , Liwu Xu , Tianjin Huang , Wenwu Wang , Shiwei Liu , Xilu Wang

While mobile devices provide ever more compute power, improvements in DRAM bandwidth are much slower. This is unfortunate for large language model (LLM) token generation, which is heavily memory-bound. Previous work has proposed to leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Marco Federici , Davide Belli , Mart van Baalen , Amir Jalalirad , Andrii Skliar , Bence Major , Markus Nagel , Paul Whatmough

Recent work has demonstrated the curse of depth in large language models (LLMs), where later layers contribute less to learning and representation than earlier layers. Such under-utilization is linked to the accumulated growth of variance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dilxat Muhtar , Xinyuan Song , Sebastian Pokutta , Max Zimmer , Nico Pelleriti , Thomas Hofmann , Shiwei Liu

To alleviate the computational burden of large language models (LLMs), architectures with activation sparsity, represented by mixture-of-experts (MoE), have attracted increasing attention. However, the non-differentiable and inflexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chenyang Song , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Yingfa Chen , Yuxuan Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan

Exploiting activation sparsity is a promising approach to significantly accelerating the inference process of large language models (LLMs) without compromising performance. However, activation sparsity is determined by activation functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yixin Song , Haotong Xie , Zhengyan Zhang , Bo Wen , Li Ma , Zeyu Mi , Haibo Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved near-human performance across diverse reasoning tasks, yet their deployment on resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices remains impractical due to massive parameter footprints and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mingyu Sung , Vikas Palakonda , Suhwan Im , Sunghwan Moon , Il-Min Kim , Sangseok Yun , Jae-Mo Kang

The high power consumption and latency-sensitive deployments of large language models (LLMs) have motivated efficiency techniques like quantization and sparsity. Contextual sparsity, where the sparsity pattern is input-dependent, is crucial…

Large language models have demonstrated capabilities in text generation, while their increasing parameter scales present challenges in computational and memory efficiency. Post-training sparsity (PTS), which reduces model cost by removing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Minhao Jiang , Zhikai Li , Xuewen Liu , Jing Zhang , Mengjuan Chen , Qingyi Gu