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Neuromorphic computing and, in particular, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an attractive alternative to deep neural networks for a broad range of signal processing applications, processing static and/or temporal inputs from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Souvik Kundu , Rui-Jie Zhu , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). SNNs are based on a more biologically inspired approach than usual artificial neural networks. Such models are characterized by complex dynamics between neurons and spikes. These are very sensitive to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Thomas Firmin , Pierre Boulet , El-Ghazali Talbi

Recent advances in event-based neuromorphic systems have resulted in significant interest in the use and development of spiking neural networks (SNNs). However, the non-differentiable nature of spiking neurons makes SNNs incompatible with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Ali Lotfi Rezaabad , Sriram Vishwanath

Recent advances in Voice Activity Detection (VAD) are driven by artificial and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), however, using a VAD system in battery-operated devices requires further power efficiency. This can be achieved by neuromorphic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Flavio Martinelli , Giorgia Dellaferrera , Pablo Mainar , Milos Cernak

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) exhibit exceptional energy efficiency on neuromorphic hardware due to their sparse activation patterns. However, conventional training methods based on surrogate gradients and Backpropagation Through Time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Xiaochen Zhao , Chengting Yu , Kairong Yu , Lei Liu , Aili Wang

Multi-bit spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently become a heated research spot, pursuing energy-efficient and high-accurate AI. However, with more bits involved, the associated memory and computation demands escalate to the point…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xingting Yao , Qinghao Hu , Fei Zhou , Tielong Liu , Gang Li , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

The training phases of Deep neural network~(DNN) consumes enormous processing time and energy. Compression techniques utilizing the sparsity of DNNs can effectively accelerate the inference phase of DNNs. However, it is hardly used in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Zhuoran Song , Yihong Xu , Han Li , Naifeng Jing , Xiaoyao Liang , Li Jiang

Linear recurrent neural networks enable powerful long-range sequence modeling with constant memory usage and time-per-token during inference. These architectures hold promise for streaming applications at the edge, but deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Alessandro Pierro , Steven Abreu , Jonathan Timcheck , Philipp Stratmann , Andreas Wild , Sumit Bam Shrestha

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

The main computational task of Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) is function regression, required both for inputs as well as outputs of a simulation. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and neural operators (such as DeepONet) have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Adar Kahana , Qian Zhang , Leonard Gleyzer , George Em Karniadakis

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute using sparse communication and are attracting increased attention as a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks~(ANNs). While standard ANNs are stateless, spiking…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Balázs Mészáros , James C. Knight , Thomas Nowotny

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are efficient computation models to perform spatio-temporal pattern recognition on {resource}- and {power}-constrained platforms. SNNs executed on neuromorphic hardware can further reduce energy consumption of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Adarsha Balaji , Anup Das

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely deployed to solve complex pattern recognition, function approximation and image classification tasks. With the growing size and complexity of these networks, hardware implementation becomes…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-22 Anup Das , Yuefeng Wu , Khanh Huynh , Francesco Dell'Anna , Francky Catthoor , Siebren Schaafsma

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, due to their promise to provide increased compute efficiency on event-driven neuromorphic hardware. However, to perform…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Souvik Kundu , Gourav Datta , Massoud Pedram , Peter A. Beerel

Recurrent networks of spiking neurons (RSNNs) underlie the astounding computing and learning capabilities of the brain. But computing and learning capabilities of RSNN models have remained poor, at least in comparison with artificial neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Guillaume Bellec , Darjan Salaj , Anand Subramoney , Robert Legenstein , Wolfgang Maass

Spiking Neural Network (SNN) inference has a clear potential for high energy efficiency as computation is triggered by events. However, the inherent sparsity of events poses challenges for conventional computing systems, driving the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Simone Manoni , Paul Scheffler , Luca Zanatta , Andrea Acquaviva , Luca Benini , Andrea Bartolini

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, since they provide higher computational efficiency in event driven neuromorphic hardware. However, the state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-05 Gourav Datta , Souvik Kundu , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising pathway to implement deep neural networks (DNNs) in a more energy-efficient manner since their neurons are sparsely activated and inferences are event-driven. However, there have been very…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Changze Lv , Jianhan Xu , Xiaoqing Zheng

Memristor-based Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with temporal spike encoding enable ultra-low-energy computation, making them ideal for battery-powered intelligent devices. This paper presents a circuit-level memristive spiking neural…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Santlal Prajapati , Susmita Sur-Kolay , Soumyadeep Dutta

The highly sparse activations in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) can provide tremendous energy efficiency benefits when carefully exploited in hardware. The behavior of sparsity in SNNs is uniquely shaped by the dataset and training…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ilkin Aliyev , Tosiron Adegbija