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While Transformers are dominated by Floating-Point (FP) Matrix-Multiplications, their aggressive acceleration through dedicated hardware or many-core programmable systems has shifted the performance bottleneck to non-linear functions like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Run Wang , Gamze Islamoglu , Andrea Belano , Viviane Potocnik , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Recently, there has been a surge in the development of advanced intelligent generative content (AIGC), especially large language models (LLMs). However, for many downstream tasks, it is necessary to fine-tune LLMs using private data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Xianhao Chen , Yue Gao , Yuguang Fang

We introduce an efficient video segmentation system for resource-limited edge devices leveraging heterogeneous compute. Specifically, we design network models by searching across multiple dimensions of specifications for the neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Jamie Menjay Lin , Siargey Pisarchyk , Juhyun Lee , David Tian , Tingbo Hou , Karthik Raveendran , Raman Sarokin , George Sung , Trent Tolley , Matthias Grundmann

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly deployed in real-time and energy-constrained environments, driving demand for hardware platforms that can deliver high performance and power efficiency. While central processing units (CPUs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Aybars Yunusoglu , Talha Coskun , Hiruna Vishwamith , Murat Isik , I. Can Dikmen

Edge-computing requires high-performance energy-efficient embedded systems. Fixed-function or custom accelerators, such as FFT or FIR filter engines, are very efficient at implementing a particular functionality for a given set of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Benoît Walter Denkinger , Miguel Peón-Quirós , Mario Konijnenburg , David Atienza , Francky Catthoor

The rapid advancement of AI workloads and domain-specific architectures has led to increasingly diverse processor microarchitectures, whose design exploration requires fast and accurate performance validation. However, traditional workflows…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chengzhen Meng , Xiuzhuang Chen , Bingcai Sui , Zhenyu Zhao , Tun Li , Hongjun Dai

The Transformer has been an indispensable staple in deep learning. However, for real-life applications, it is very challenging to deploy efficient Transformers due to immense parameters and operations of models. To relieve this burden,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chao Fang , Aojun Zhou , Zhongfeng Wang

Machine learning models deployed on edge devices have enabled numerous exciting new applications, such as humanoid robots, AR glasses, and autonomous vehicles. However, the computing resources available on these edge devices are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Jinjie Liu , Hang Qiu

Machine vision tasks present challenges for resource constrained edge devices, particularly as they execute multiple tasks with variable workloads. A robust approach that can dynamically adapt in runtime while maintaining the maximum…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Umar Ibrahim Minhas , Lev Mukhanov , Georgios Karakonstantis , Hans Vandierendonck , Roger Woods

Data-parallel problems demand ever growing floating-point (FP) operations per second under tight area- and energy-efficiency constraints. In this work, we present Manticore, a general-purpose, ultra-efficient chiplet-based architecture for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Luca Benini

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, which is important in photonic hardware design flow, is widely adopted to solve time-domain Maxwell equations. However, FDTD is known for its prohibitive runtime cost, taking minutes to hours…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Pingchuan Ma , Haoyu Yang , Zhengqi Gao , Duane S. Boning , Jiaqi Gu

Arbitrary-precision integer multiplication is the core kernel of many applications in simulation, cryptography, etc. Existing acceleration of arbitrary-precision integer multiplication includes CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, and ASICs. Among these…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Zhuoping Yang , Jinming Zhuang , Jiaqi Yin , Cunxi Yu , Alex K. Jones , Peipei Zhou

Printed and flexible electronics (PFE) have emerged as the ubiquitous solution for application domains at the extreme edge, where the demands for low manufacturing and operational cost cannot be met by silicon-based computing. Built on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Mehdi B. Tahoori , Emre Ozer , Georgios Zervakis , Konstantinos Balaskas , Priyanjana Pal

Edge-AI applications still face considerable challenges in enhancing computational efficiency in resource-constrained environments. This work presents RAMAN, a resource-efficient and approximate posit(8,2)-based Multiply-Accumulate (MAC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohd Faisal Khan , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as the go to solution for addressing the von Neumann bottleneck in edge AI accelerators. However, state-of-the-art (SoTA) digital PIM approaches suffer from low compute density, primarily due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mukul Lokhande , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Seema Chouhan , Akash Sankhe , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

This paper presents ORXE, a modular and adaptable framework for achieving real-time configurable efficiency in AI models. By leveraging a collection of pre-trained experts with diverse computational costs and performance levels, ORXE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Qingyuan Wang , Guoxin Wang , Barry Cardiff , Deepu John

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved significant success in computer vision. However, their intensive computations and massive memory footprint challenge ViTs' deployment on embedded devices, calling for efficient ViTs. Among them,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Haikuo Shao , Huihong Shi , Wendong Mao , Zhongfeng Wang

We present Deep Compression Autoencoder (DC-AE), a new family of autoencoder models for accelerating high-resolution diffusion models. Existing autoencoder models have demonstrated impressive results at a moderate spatial compression ratio…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyu Chen , Han Cai , Junsong Chen , Enze Xie , Shang Yang , Haotian Tang , Muyang Li , Yao Lu , Song Han

Edge AI deployment faces critical challenges balancing computational performance, energy efficiency, and resource constraints. This paper presents FPGA-accelerated RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) extensions for efficient neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arya Parameshwara , Santosh Hanamappa Mokashi

Multi-Head Attention (MHA) is a critical computational kernel in transformer-based AI models. Emerging scalable tile-based accelerator architectures integrate increasing numbers of tightly-packed processing elements (PEs) with tensor units.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chi Zhang , Luca Colagrande , Renzo Andri , Thomas Benz , Gamze Islamoglu , Alessandro Nadalini , Francesco Conti , Yawei Li , Luca Benini