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Clinical cohort definition is crucial for patient recruitment and observational studies, yet translating inclusion/exclusion criteria into SQL queries remains challenging and manual. We present an automated system utilizing large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Angelo Ziletti , Leonardo D'Ambrosi

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

Identifying patient cohorts is fundamental to numerous healthcare tasks, including clinical trial recruitment and retrospective studies. Current cohort retrieval methods in healthcare organizations rely on automated queries of structured…

Machine learning models for clinical prediction rely on structured data extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), yet this process remains dominated by hardcoded, database-specific pipelines for cohort definition, feature selection,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kwanhyung Lee , Sungsoo Hong , Joonhyung Park , Jeonghyeop Lim , Juhwan Choi , Donghwee Yoon , Eunho Yang

Electronic health records (EHRs) are central to modern healthcare delivery and research; yet, many researchers lack the database expertise necessary to write complex SQL queries or generate effective visualizations, limiting efficient data…

Background and Significance: Selecting cohorts for a clinical trial typically requires costly and time-consuming manual chart reviews resulting in poor participation. To help automate the process, National NLP Clinical Challenges (N2C2)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Samarth Rawal , Ashok Prakash , Soumya Adhya , Sidharth Kulkarni , Saadat Anwar , Chitta Baral , Murthy Devarakonda

Feature engineering for Electronic Health Records (EHR) is complicated by irregular observation intervals, variable measurement frequencies, and structural sparsity inherent to clinical time series. Existing automated methods either lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Hojjat Karami , David Atienza , Jean-Philippe Thiran , Anisoara Ionescu

Manual chart review remains an extremely time-consuming and resource-intensive component of clinical research, requiring experts to extract often complex information from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) narratives. We present a…

The extraction of critical patient information from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) poses significant challenges due to the complexity and unstructured nature of the data. Traditional machine learning approaches often fail to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhimeng Luo , Abhibha Gupta , Adam Frisch , Daqing He

Electronic Health Record (EHR) tables pose unique challenges among which is the presence of hidden contextual dependencies between medical features with a high level of data dimensionality and sparsity. This study presents the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Jesus Lovon , Martin Mouysset , Jo Oleiwan , Jose G. Moreno , Christine Damase-Michel , Lynda Tamine

Cohort studies are of significant importance in the field of healthcare analysis. However, existing methods typically involve manual, labor-intensive, and expert-driven pattern definitions or rely on simplistic clustering techniques that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Qingpeng Cai , Kaiping Zheng , H. V. Jagadish , Beng Chin Ooi , James Yip

Participant recruitment based on unstructured medical texts such as clinical notes and radiology reports has been a challenging yet important task for the cohort establishment in clinical research. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Zihan Guan , Zihao Wu , Zhengliang Liu , Dufan Wu , Hui Ren , Quanzheng Li , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

This paper describes a rapid feasibility study of using GPT-4, a large language model (LLM), to (semi)automate data extraction in systematic reviews. Despite the recent surge of interest in LLMs there is still a lack of understanding of how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Lena Schmidt , Kaitlyn Hair , Sergio Graziosi , Fiona Campbell , Claudia Kapp , Alireza Khanteymoori , Dawn Craig , Mark Engelbert , James Thomas

The inherent complexity of structured longitudinal Electronic Health Records (EHR) data poses a significant challenge when integrated with Large Language Models (LLMs), which are traditionally tailored for natural language processing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Yinghao Zhu , Zixiang Wang , Junyi Gao , Yuning Tong , Jingkun An , Weibin Liao , Ewen M. Harrison , Liantao Ma , Chengwei Pan

Clinical trials are a critical process in the medical field for introducing new treatments and innovations. However, cohort selection for clinical trials is a time-consuming process that often requires manual review of patient text records…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chi-en Amy Tai , Xavier Tannier

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain rich yet complex information, and their automated analysis is critical for clinical decision-making. Despite recent advances of large language models (LLMs) in clinical workflows, their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yusheng Liao , Chaoyi Wu , Junwei Liu , Shuyang Jiang , Pengcheng Qiu , Haowen Wang , Yun Yue , Shuai Zhen , Jian Wang , Qianrui Fan , Jinjie Gu , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang , Weidi Xie

Modern Internet applications often produce a large volume of user activity records. Data analysts are interested in cohort analysis, or finding unusual user behavioral trends, in these large tables of activity records. In a traditional…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-05-05 Dawei Jiang , Qingchao Cai , Gang Chen , H. V. Jagadish , Beng Chin Ooi , Kian-Lee Tan , Anthony K. H. Tung

The increased availability of electronic health records (EHRs) have spearheaded the initiative for precision medicine using data driven approaches. Essential to this effort is the ability to identify patients with certain medical conditions…

Data selection for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to choose a high-quality subset from existing datasets, allowing the trained model to outperform baselines trained on the full dataset. However, the expanding body of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ziche Liu , Rui Ke , Yajiao Liu , Feng Jiang , Haizhou Li

The substantial interest in updating Large Language Models (LLMs) without retraining from scratch is accompanied by several challenges. This is particularly true when updating LLMs with datasets that necessitate domain-expert reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Xin Zhang , Tianjie Ju , Huijia Liang , Ying Fu , Qin Zhang
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