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With the advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have reached a new level of sophistication, showing notable competence in executing intricate cognition and reasoning tasks. However, existing evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yuanfeng Ji , Chongjian Ge , Weikai Kong , Enze Xie , Zhengying Liu , Zhengguo Li , Ping Luo

Large visual language models (VLMs) have shown strong multi-modal medical reasoning ability, but most operate as end-to-end black boxes, diverging from clinicians' evidence-based, staged workflows and hindering clinical accountability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuexi Du , Jinglu Wang , Shujie Liu , Nicha C. Dvornek , Yan Lu

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), several diagnostic benchmarks have recently been developed to assess these models' multi-modal reasoning proficiency. However, these benchmarks are restricted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Sayan Nag , Subhrajyoti Dasgupta , Yaoting Wang , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Ruohan Gao , Dinesh Manocha

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in medicine is crucial because medical applications require high accuracy with little room for error. Current medical benchmarks have three main types: medical exam-based, comprehensive medical, and…

Multimodal language models (MLMs) show promise for clinical decision support and diagnostic reasoning, raising the prospect of end-to-end automated medical image interpretation. However, clinicians are highly selective in adopting AI tools;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mahtab Bigverdi , Wisdom Ikezogwo , Kevin Zhang , Hyewon Jeong , Mingyu Lu , Sungjae Cho , Linda Shapiro , Ranjay Krishna

As the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare and medicine continue to advance, there is a growing need for competitive open-source models that can safeguard public interest. With the increasing availability of highly…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially Large Language Models (LLMs), into the clinical diagnosis process offers significant potential to improve the efficiency and accessibility of medical care. While LLMs have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mingyu Derek Ma , Chenchen Ye , Yu Yan , Xiaoxuan Wang , Peipei Ping , Timothy S Chang , Wei Wang

There is an increasing interest in developing LLMs for medical diagnosis to improve diagnosis efficiency. Despite their alluring technological potential, there is no unified and comprehensive evaluation criterion, leading to the inability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Xiaoming Shi , Jie Xu , Jinru Ding , Jiali Pang , Sichen Liu , Shuqing Luo , Xingwei Peng , Lu Lu , Haihong Yang , Mingtao Hu , Tong Ruan , Shaoting Zhang

Advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved medical task performance, such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) and Report Generation (RG). However, the fairness of these models across diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Peiran Wu , Che Liu , Canyu Chen , Jun Li , Cosmin I. Bercea , Rossella Arcucci

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in advancing healthcare. However, most existing models remain confined to single-image understanding, which greatly limits their applicability in clinical workflows. In practice,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Chen , Yihang Fu , Gabriel Madera , Mauro Giuffre , Serina Applebaum , Hyunjae Kim , Hua Xu , Qingyu Chen

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) underscore the significance of scalable models and data to boost performance, yet this often incurs substantial computational costs. Although the Mixture of Experts (MoE)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yunxin Li , Shenyuan Jiang , Baotian Hu , Longyue Wang , Wanqi Zhong , Wenhan Luo , Lin Ma , Min Zhang

Large-scale clinical databases offer opportunities for medical research, but their complexity creates barriers to effective use. The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV), one of the world's largest open-source electronic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Rafi Al Attrach , Pedro Moreira , Rajna Fani , Renato Umeton , Amelia Fiske , Leo Anthony Celi

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced industrial anomaly detection toward a zero-shot paradigm, they still tend to produce high-confidence yet unreliable decisions in fine-grained and structurally complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chao Huang , Yanhui Li , Yunkang Cao , Wei Wang , Hongxi Huang , Jie Wen , Wenqi Ren , Xiaochun Cao

We present AutoBench, a fully automated and self-sustaining framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) through reciprocal peer assessment. This paper provides a rigorous scientific validation of the AutoBench methodology,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Dario Loi , Elena Maria Muià , Federico Siciliano , Giovanni Trappolini , Vincenzo Crisà , Peter Kruger , Fabrizio Silvestri

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant limitations, notably in structured, interpretable, and verifiable medical reasoning, alongside practical deployment challenges related to computational resources and data privacy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Boqin Zhuang , Chenxiao Song , Huitong Lu , Jiacheng Qiao , Mingqian Liu , Mingxing Yu , Ping Hong , Rui Li , Xiaoxia Song , Xiangjun Xu , Xu Chen , Yaoyao Ma , Yujie Gao

Electronic medical records (EMRs), particularly in neurology, are inherently heterogeneous, sparse, and noisy, which poses significant challenges for large language models (LLMs) in clinical diagnosis. In such settings, single-agent systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shaowei Shen , Xiaohong Yang , Jie Yang , Lianfen Huang , Yongcai Zhang , Yang Zou , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour

Large language models have recently evolved from fluent text generation to advanced reasoning across diverse domains, giving rise to reasoning language models. Among these domains, mathematical reasoning serves as a representative benchmark…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) on language modeling and emergent capabilities make them a promising reference-free evaluator of natural language generation quality, and a competent alternative to human evaluation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yuxuan Liu , Tianchi Yang , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Active vision, also known as active perception, refers to the process of actively selecting where and how to look in order to gather task-relevant information. It is a critical component of efficient perception and decision-making in humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Muzhi Zhu , Hao Zhong , Canyu Zhao , Zongze Du , Zheng Huang , Mingyu Liu , Hao Chen , Cheng Zou , Jingdong Chen , Ming Yang , Chunhua Shen

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress, exhibiting impressive multimodal perception and reasoning abilities. However, effectively evaluating these large VLMs remains a major challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuan Liu , Haodong Duan , Yuanhan Zhang , Bo Li , Songyang Zhang , Wangbo Zhao , Yike Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He , Ziwei Liu , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin