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The use of low-bit quantization has emerged as an indispensable technique for enabling the efficient training of large-scale models. Despite its widespread empirical success, a rigorous theoretical understanding of its impact on learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Dechen Zhang , Junwei Su , Difan Zou

Non-unitary protocols are already at the base of many hybrid quantum computing applications, especially in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era where quantum errors typically affect the unitary evolution. However, while the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Giuseppe Clemente , Kevin Zambello

Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to a broad range of problems where overparametrization yields weight matrices which are partially random. A comparison of weight matrix singular vectors to the Porter-Thomas distribution…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-01-22 Max Staats , Matthias Thamm , Bernd Rosenow

Quantum computers can be used for supervised learning by treating parametrised quantum circuits as models that map data inputs to predictions. While a lot of work has been done to investigate practical implications of this approach, many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Maria Schuld , Ryan Sweke , Johannes Jakob Meyer

In the Quantum Supremacy regime, quantum computers may overcome classical machines on several tasks if we can estimate, mitigate, or correct unavoidable hardware noise. Estimating the error requires classical simulations, which become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Nicolo Colombo

In multiparameter quantum metrology, the weighted-arithmetic-mean error of estimation is often used as a scalar cost function to be minimized during design optimization. However, other types of mean error can reveal different facets of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Xiao-Ming Lu , Zhihao Ma , Chengjie Zhang

One of the major open problems in machine learning is to characterize generalization in the overparameterized regime, where most traditional generalization bounds become inconsistent even for overparameterized linear regression. In many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Jing Xu , Jiaye Teng , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Quantum machine learning is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of quantum technology and artificial intelligence. This review provides a two-fold overview of several key approaches that can offer advancements in both the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Alexey Melnikov , Mohammad Kordzanganeh , Alexander Alodjants , Ray-Kuang Lee

A fundamental question in theoretical machine learning is generalization. Over the past decades, the PAC-Bayesian approach has been established as a flexible framework to address the generalization capabilities of machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Fredrik Hellström , Giuseppe Durisi , Benjamin Guedj , Maxim Raginsky

It is by now well-established that modern over-parameterized models seem to elude the bias-variance tradeoff and generalize well despite overfitting noise. Many recent works attempt to analyze this phenomenon in the relatively tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Daniel Barzilai , Ohad Shamir

With the rapid increase in the size of neural networks, model compression has become an important area of research. Quantization is an effective technique at decreasing the model size, memory access, and compute load of large models.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 David Qiu , David Rim , Shaojin Ding , Oleg Rybakov , Yanzhang He

Repeated use of a data sample via adaptively chosen queries can rapidly lead to overfitting, wherein the empirical evaluation of queries on the sample significantly deviates from their mean with respect to the underlying data distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Moshe Shenfeld , Katrina Ligett

As machine learning becomes more and more available to the general public, theoretical questions are turning into pressing practical issues. Possibly, one of the most relevant concerns is the assessment of our confidence in trusting machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Pietro Barbiero , Giovanni Squillero , Alberto Tonda

Fisher Information is a key notion in the whole field of quantum metrology. It allows for a direct quantification of maximal achievable precision of estimation of parameters encoded in quantum states using the most general quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Stanislaw Kurdzialek , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

Variational quantum algorithms have received substantial theoretical and empirical attention. As the underlying variational quantum circuit (VQC) can be represented by Fourier series that contain an exponentially large spectrum in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Maja Franz , Melvin Strobl , Leonid Chaichenets , Eileen Kuehn , Achim Streit , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum kernel methods have been widely recognized as one of promising quantum machine learning algorithms that have potential to achieve quantum advantages. In this paper, we theoretically characterize the power of noisy quantum kernels…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Yabo Wang , Bo Qi , Xin Wang , Tongliang Liu , Daoyi Dong

The paper presents a generalization bound for quantum neural networks based on a dynamical Lie algebra. Using covering numbers derived from a dynamical Lie algebra, the Rademacher complexity is derived to calculate the generalization bound.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Hiroshi Ohno

Quantum systems are exceedingly difficult to engineer because they are sensitive to various types of noises. In particular, time-dependent noises are frequently encountered in experiments but how to overcome them remains a challenging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Xiaodong Yang , Xinfang Nie , Tao Xin , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

Understanding generalization in deep neural networks is an active area of research. A promising avenue of exploration has been that of margin measurements: the shortest distance to the decision boundary for a given sample or that sample's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Coenraad Mouton