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Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for privacy-preserving collaborative training. Under domain skew, the current FL approaches are biased and face two fairness problems. 1) Parameter Update Conflict: data disparity among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuhang Chen , Wenke Huang , Mang Ye

Federated learning (FL) allows collaborative machine learning training without sharing private data. While most FL methods assume identical data domains across clients, real-world scenarios often involve heterogeneous data domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Letian Zhang , Chen Chen , Jie Xu

The generalization and learning speed of a multi-class neural network can often be significantly improved by using soft targets that are a weighted average of the hard targets and the uniform distribution over labels. Smoothing the labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Rafael Müller , Simon Kornblith , Geoffrey Hinton

Vertical federated learning (VFL), a variant of Federated Learning (FL), has recently drawn increasing attention as the VFL matches the enterprises' demands of leveraging more valuable features to achieve better model performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Yuanqin He , Yan Kang , Xinyuan Zhao , Jiahuan Luo , Lixin Fan , Yuxing Han , Qiang Yang

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed data while preserving privacy. However, in real-world FL settings, client data is often non-identically distributed and imbalanced, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gergely D. Németh , Eros Fanì , Yeat Jeng Ng , Barbara Caputo , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Nuria Oliver , Novi Quadrianto

Detection models trained by one party (including server) may face severe performance degradation when distributed to other users (clients). Federated learning can enable multi-party collaborative learning without leaking client data. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Shangchao Su , Bin Li , Chengzhi Zhang , Mingzhao Yang , Xiangyang Xue

Federated Semi-Supervised Learning (FSSL) aims to leverage unlabeled data across clients with limited labeled data to train a global model with strong generalization ability. Most FSSL methods rely on consistency regularization with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yijie Liu , Xinyi Shang , Yiqun Zhang , Yang Lu , Chen Gong , Jing-Hao Xue , Hanzi Wang

Recently, federated learning (FL) is popular for its privacy-preserving and collaborative learning abilities. However, under statistically heterogeneous scenarios, we observe that biased data domains on clients cause a representation bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jianqing Zhang , Yang Hua , Jian Cao , Hao Wang , Tao Song , Zhengui Xue , Ruhui Ma , Haibing Guan

Non-IID dataset and heterogeneous environment of the local clients are regarded as a major issue in Federated Learning (FL), causing a downturn in the convergence without achieving satisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Hunmin Lee , Yueyang Liu , Donghyun Kim , Yingshu Li

Data privacy and long-tailed distribution are the norms rather than the exception in many real-world tasks. This paper investigates a federated long-tailed learning (Fed-LT) task in which each client holds a locally heterogeneous dataset;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zikai Xiao , Zihan Chen , Songshang Liu , Hualiang Wang , Yang Feng , Jin Hao , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jian Wu , Howard Hao Yang , Zuozhu Liu

Federated learning has emerged as an important distributed learning paradigm, where a server aggregates a global model from many client-trained models while having no access to the client data. Although it is recognized that statistical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Weituo Hao , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee , Jianyi Zhang , Kevin J Liang , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

We propose a novel framework to study asynchronous federated learning optimization with delays in gradient updates. Our theoretical framework extends the standard FedAvg aggregation scheme by introducing stochastic aggregation weights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yann Fraboni , Richard Vidal , Laetitia Kameni , Marco Lorenzi

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training with privacy preservation. Data heterogeneity across edge devices (clients) can cause models to converge to sharp minima, negatively impacting generalization and robustness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Debora Caldarola , Pietro Cagnasso , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Federated learning (FL) is a promising strategy for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a network of clients (i.e., edge devices). However, the data distribution among clients is often non-IID in nature, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Matias Mendieta , Taojiannan Yang , Pu Wang , Minwoo Lee , Zhengming Ding , Chen Chen

Efficient deployment of deep neural networks across many devices and resource constraints, particularly on edge devices, is one of the most challenging problems in the presence of data-privacy preservation issues. Conventional approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Taehyeon Kim , Se-Young Yun

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm through centralized model aggregation. However, standard federated learning relies on a centralized server, making it vulnerable to server failures. While existing solutions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hongliang Zhang , Fenghua Xu , Zhongyuan Yu , Shanchen Pang , Chunqiang Hu , Jiguo Yu

In federated learning (FL), classifiers (e.g., deep networks) are trained on datasets from multiple data centers without exchanging data across them, which improves the sample efficiency. However, the conventional FL setting assumes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Qiong Zhang , Jing Peng , Xin Zhang , Aline Talhouk , Gang Niu , Xiaoxiao Li

This work addresses the key challenges of applying federated learning to large-scale deep neural networks, particularly the issue of client drift due to data heterogeneity across clients and the high costs of communication, computation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jiaojiao Zhang , Yuqi Xu , Kun Yuan

Traditional federated optimization methods perform poorly with heterogeneous data (ie, accuracy reduction), especially for highly skewed data. In this paper, we investigate the label distribution skew in FL, where the distribution of labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jie Zhang , Zhiqi Li , Bo Li , Jianghe Xu , Shuang Wu , Shouhong Ding , Chao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) is a prominent framework that enables training a centralized model while securing user privacy by fusing local, decentralized models. In this setting, one major obstacle is data heterogeneity, i.e., each client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Artur Back de Luca , Guojun Zhang , Xi Chen , Yaoliang Yu