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Anomaly detection (AD) is an important machine learning task with applications in fraud detection, content moderation, and user behavior analysis. However, AD is relatively understudied in a natural language processing (NLP) context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yuangang Li , Jiaqi Li , Zhuo Xiao , Tiankai Yang , Yi Nian , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Anomaly detection (AD) is a fundamental task of critical importance across numerous domains. Current systems increasingly operate in rapidly evolving environments that generate diverse yet interconnected data modalities -- such as time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhongyuan Wu , Jingyuan Wang , Zexuan Cheng , Yilong Zhou , Weizhi Wang , Juhua Pu , Chao Li , Changqing Ma

For data-constrained, complex and dynamic industrial environments, there is a critical need for transferable and multimodal methodologies to enhance anomaly detection and therefore, prevent costs associated with system failures. Typically,…

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is of widespread interest across many industries, including finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. Despite the development of numerous automatic methods for detecting anomalies, human oversight remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Alan Yang , Yulin Chen , Sean Lee , Venus Montes

Detecting anomalies or out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for maintaining the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness not only in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ruiyao Xu , Kaize Ding

Unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) is critical for a wide range of practical applications, from network security to health and medical tools. Due to the diversity of problems, no single algorithm has been found to be superior for all AD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Małgorzata Gutowska , Suzanne Little , Andrew McCarren

Anomaly detection in computational workflows is critical for ensuring system reliability and security. However, traditional rule-based methods struggle to detect novel anomalies. This paper leverages large language models (LLMs) for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hongwei Jin , George Papadimitriou , Krishnan Raghavan , Pawel Zuk , Prasanna Balaprakash , Cong Wang , Anirban Mandal , Ewa Deelman

Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention in power grids for their general-purpose capabilities. Meanwhile, anomaly detection (AD) remains critical for grid resilience, requiring accurate and interpretable decisions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Yichen Liu , Hongyu Wu , Bo Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown their potential in long-context understanding and mathematical reasoning. In this paper, we study the problem of using LLMs to detect tabular anomalies and show that pre-trained LLMs are zero-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Aodong Li , Yunhan Zhao , Chen Qiu , Marius Kloft , Padhraic Smyth , Maja Rudolph , Stephan Mandt

Text anomaly detection is a critical task in natural language processing (NLP), with applications spanning fraud detection, misinformation identification, spam detection and content moderation, etc. Despite significant advances in large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Feng Xiao , Jicong Fan

Anomaly detection on attributed graphs plays an essential role in applications such as fraud detection, intrusion monitoring, and misinformation analysis. However, text-attributed graphs (TAGs), in which node information is expressed in…

Existing anomaly detection (AD) methods for tabular data usually rely on some assumptions about anomaly patterns, leading to inconsistent performance in real-world scenarios. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hangting Ye , Jinmeng Li , He Zhao , Mingchen Zhuge , Dandan Guo , Yi Chang , Hongyuan Zha

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) plays a crucial role in various industries by identifying atypical patterns that deviate from standard trends, thereby maintaining system integrity and enabling prompt response measures. Traditional TSAD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Jun Liu , Chaoyun Zhang , Jiaxu Qian , Minghua Ma , Si Qin , Chetan Bansal , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Anomaly detection (AD) plays a crucial role in various domains, including cybersecurity, finance, and healthcare, by identifying patterns or events that deviate from normal behaviour. In recent years, significant progress has been made in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Hadi Hojjati , Thi Kieu Khanh Ho , Narges Armanfard

As LLMs grow in capability, the task of supervising LLMs becomes more challenging. Supervision failures can occur if LLMs are sensitive to factors that supervisors are unaware of. We investigate Mechanistic Anomaly Detection (MAD) as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 David O. Johnston , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Nora Belrose

Anomaly detection (AD) is essential in areas such as fraud detection, network monitoring, and scientific research. However, the diversity of data modalities and the increasing number of specialized AD libraries pose challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tiankai Yang , Junjun Liu , Wingchun Siu , Jiahang Wang , Zhuangzhuang Qian , Chanjuan Song , Cheng Cheng , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Anomaly detection on text-rich graphs is widely prevalent in real life, such as detecting incorrectly assigned academic papers to authors and detecting bots in social networks. The remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yunhe Pang , Bo Chen , Fanjin Zhang , Yanghui Rao , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

In the progress of industrial anomaly detection, general anomaly detection (GAD) is an emerging trend and also the ultimate goal. Unlike the conventional single- and multi-class AD, general AD aims to train a general AD model that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xincheng Yao , Zefeng Qian , Chao Shi , Jiayang Song , Chongyang Zhang

Recent studies have shown the ability of large language models to perform a variety of tasks, including time series forecasting. The flexible nature of these models allows them to be used for many applications. In this paper, we present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Sarah Alnegheimish , Linh Nguyen , Laure Berti-Equille , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are markedly proficient in deriving visual representations guided by natural language. Recent explorations have utilized LVLMs to tackle zero-shot visual anomaly detection (VAD) challenges by pairing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiaqi Zhu , Shaofeng Cai , Fang Deng , Beng Chin Ooi , Junran Wu
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