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We first present our view of detection and correction of syntactic errors. We then introduce a new correction method, based on heuristic criteria used to decide which correction should be preferred. Weighting of these criteria leads to a…
How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system be made intrinsic to the system, rather than just parasitic on the meanings in our heads? How can the meanings of the meaningless symbol tokens, manipulated solely on the basis…
Several measures exist for string similarity, including notable ones like the edit distance and the indel distance. The former measures the count of insertions, deletions, and substitutions required to transform one string into another,…
Language sciences rely less and less on formal syntax as their base. The reason is probably its lack of psychological reality, knowingly avoided. Philosophers of science call for a paradigm shift in which explanations are by mechanisms, as…
Analogical proportions are expressions of the form ``$a$ is to $b$ what $c$ is to $d$'' at the core of analogical reasoning which itself is at the core of human and artificial intelligence. The author has recently introduced {\em from first…
In this study, we propose a morpheme-based scheme for Korean dependency parsing and adopt the proposed scheme to Universal Dependencies. We present the linguistic rationale that illustrates the motivation and the necessity of adopting the…
Learning a new language involves constantly comparing speech productions with reference productions from the environment. Early in speech acquisition, children make articulatory adjustments to match their caregivers' speech. Grownup…
Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) is a critical task in Natural Language Processing, addressing the growing demand for automated writing assistance in both second-language (L2) and native (L1) Chinese writing. While L2 learners…
I present the most fundamental features of an implemented system designed to manipulate representations of regular languages. The system is structured into two layers, allowing regular languages to be represented in an increasingly compact,…
Comprehensively searching for words in Sanskrit E-text is a non-trivial problem because words could change their forms in different contexts. One such context is sandhi or euphonic conjunctions, which cause a word to change owing to the…
Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) aims to generate a correct sentence from an erroneous sequence, where different kinds of errors are mixed. This paper divides the CGEC task into two steps, namely spelling error correction and…
Recent studies on pronunciation scoring have explored the effect of introducing phone embeddings as reference pronunciation, but mostly in an implicit manner, i.e., addition or concatenation of reference phone embedding and actual…
We describe the approach to linguistic variation taken by the Motorola speech synthesizer. A pan-dialectal pronunciation dictionary is described, which serves as the training data for a neural network based letter-to-sound converter.…
Lemmatization of standard languages is concerned with (i) abstracting over morphological differences and (ii) resolving token-lemma ambiguities of inflected words in order to map them to a dictionary headword. In the present paper we aim to…
This project explores methods to enhance sign language translation of German sign language, specifically focusing on disambiguation of homonyms. Sign language is ambiguous and understudied which is the basis for our experiments. We approach…
A new quantum cryptography protocol, based on all unselected states of a qubit as a sort of alphabet with continuous set of letters, is proposed. Its effectiveness is calculated and shown to be essentially higher than those of the other…
Tone is a prosodic feature used to distinguish words in many languages, some of which are endangered and scarcely documented. In this work, we use unsupervised representation learning to identify probable clusters of syllables that share…
Common subword tokenization algorithms like BPE and UnigramLM assume that text can be split into meaningful units by concatenative measures alone. This is not true for languages such as Hebrew and Arabic, where morphology is encoded in…
In this article, we present a fresh perspective on language, combining ideas from various sources, but mixed in a new synthesis. As in the minimalist program, the question is whether we can formulate an elegant formalism, a universal…
Neural machine translation (NMT) is notoriously sensitive to noises, but noises are almost inevitable in practice. One special kind of noise is the homophone noise, where words are replaced by other words with similar pronunciations. We…