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The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning has become a cornerstone of related research, demonstrating the intelligence of these models and enabling potential practical applications through their advanced performance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Kathrin Seßler , Yao Rong , Emek Gözlüklü , Enkelejda Kasneci

Large Language Models (LLMs) are democratizing access to personalized tutoring; however, their effectiveness is hindered by challenges in processing multimodal content, which limits AI's potential to provide equitable, high-quality STEM…

Large multimodal language models (MLLMs) such as GPT-4V and GPT-4o have achieved remarkable advancements in understanding and generating multimodal content, showcasing superior quality and capabilities across diverse tasks. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Xuelu Feng , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Mei Gao , Mengchen Liu , Junsong Yuan , Chunming Qiao

Cybersecurity education is challenging and it is helpful for educators to understand Large Language Models' (LLMs') capabilities for supporting education. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LLMs in conducting a variety of penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille , Brynjólfur Stefánsson , Helmut Neukirchen , Thomas Welsh

This study aims to systematically evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) in abstract visual reasoning problems. We examined four LLM models (GPT-4.1-Mini, Claude-3.5-Haiku, Gemini-1.5-Flash, Llama-3.3-70b) utilizing four…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sinan Urgun , Seçkin Arı

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT4 and LLaMA, are creating significant advancements in natural language processing, due to their strong text encoding/decoding ability and newly found emergent capability (e.g., reasoning). While LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Bowen Jin , Gang Liu , Chi Han , Meng Jiang , Heng Ji , Jiawei Han

People get informed of a daily task plan through diverse media involving both texts and images. However, most prior research only focuses on LLM's capability of textual plan generation. The potential of large-scale models in providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xiaoxin Lu , Ranran Haoran Zhang , Yusen Zhang , Rui Zhang

Large language models have the potential to be valuable in the healthcare industry, but it's crucial to verify their safety and effectiveness through rigorous evaluation. For this purpose, we comprehensively evaluated both open-source LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ankit Pal , Malaikannan Sankarasubbu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable success across various visual-language tasks. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on single-image understanding, leaving the analysis of image sequences largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiaochen Wang , Heming Xia , Jialin Song , Longyu Guan , Yixin Yang , Qingxiu Dong , Weiyao Luo , Yifan Pu , Yiru Wang , Xiangdi Meng , Wenjie Li , Zhifang Sui

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

Current benchmarks for evaluating Vision Language Models (VLMs) often fall short in thoroughly assessing model abilities to understand and process complex visual and textual content. They typically focus on simple tasks that do not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Harsha Vardhan Khurdula , Basem Rizk , Indus Khaitan , Janit Anjaria , Aviral Srivastava , Rajvardhan Khaitan

Significant advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have enabled them to tackle complex problems involving visual-mathematical reasoning. However, their ability to identify geometric elements remains underexplored. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Chao Zhang , Jiamin Tang , Jing Xiao

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, excel at integrating text and visual data but face systematic challenges when interpreting ambiguous or incomplete visual stimuli. This study leverages statistical modeling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ching-Yi Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly envisioned as intelligent assistants for personalized learning, systematic head-to-head evaluations in authentic learning scenarios remain scarce. This study presents an empirical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Bo Yuan , Jiazi Hu

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities to automate software engineering activities that traditionally require substantial manual effort. Among these, class diagram generation represents a critical yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jackson Nguyen , Rui En Koe , Fanyu Wang , Chetan Arora , Alessio Ferrari

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold the potential to revolutionize autoformalization. The introduction of Lean4, a mathematical programming language, presents an unprecedented opportunity to rigorously assess the autoformalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aryan Gulati , Devanshu Ladsaria , Shubhra Mishra , Jasdeep Sidhu , Brando Miranda

With the significant expansion of the context window in Large Language Models (LLMs), these models are theoretically capable of processing millions of tokens in a single pass. However, research indicates a significant gap between this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Nima Esmi , Maryam Nezhad-Moghaddam , Fatemeh Borhani , Asadollah Shahbahrami , Amin Daemdoost , Georgi Gaydadjiev

Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential for enhancing robotic path planning. This paper assesses visual input's utility for multimodal LLMs in such tasks via a comprehensive benchmark. We evaluated 15 multimodal LLMs on generating valid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jacinto Colan , Ana Davila , Yasuhisa Hasegawa

Automation in agriculture plays a vital role in addressing challenges related to crop monitoring and disease management, particularly through early detection systems. This study investigates the effectiveness of combining multimodal Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Ranjan Sapkota , Manoj Karkee , Nikolaos D. Tselikas , Dimitrios K. Nasiopoulos

The burgeoning interest in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as OpenAI's GPT-4V(ision), has significantly impacted both academic and industrial realms. These models enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao