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For any $\epsilon \in (0,1)$, a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximate range mode query asks for the position of an element whose frequency in the query range is at most a factor $(1+\epsilon)$ smaller than the true mode. For this problem, we design an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Hicham El-Zein , Meng He , J. Ian Munro , Yakov Nekrich , Bryce Sandlund

It is widely assumed that $O(m+\lg \sigma)$ is the best one can do for finding a pattern of length $m$ in a compacted trie storing strings over an alphabet of size $\sigma$, if one insists on linear-size data structures and deterministic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-15 Johannes Fischer , Pawel Gawrychowski

In this paper we present new data structures for two extensively studied variants of the orthogonal range searching problem. First, we describe a data structure that supports two-dimensional orthogonal range minima queries in $O(n)$ space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Yakov Nekrich

Retrieval data structures are data structures that answer key-value queries without paying the space overhead of explicitly storing keys. The problem can be formulated in four settings (static, value-dynamic, incremental, or dynamic), each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-25 William Kuszmaul , Aaron Putterman , Tingqiang Xu , Hangrui Zhou , Renfei Zhou

A finite group of order $n$ can be represented by its Cayley table. In the word-RAM model the Cayley table of a group of order $n$ can be stored using $O(n^2)$ words and can be used to answer a multiplication query in constant time. It is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Bireswar Das , Anant Kumar , Shivdutt Sharma , Dhara Thakkar

Worst-case optimal join algorithms have gained a lot of attention in the database literature. We now count with several algorithms that are optimal in the worst case, and many of them have been implemented and validated in practice.…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Gonzalo Navarro , Juan L. Reutter , Javiel Rojas-Ledesma

The circular dictionary matching problem is an extension of the classical dictionary matching problem where every string in the dictionary is interpreted as a circular string: after reading the last character of a string, we can move back…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Nicola Cotumaccio

We show how to construct a dynamic ordered dictionary, supporting insert/delete/rank/select on a set of $n$ elements from a universe of size $U$, that achieves the optimal amortized expected time complexity of $O(1 + \log n / \log \log U)$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 William Kuszmaul , Jingxun Liang , Renfei Zhou

We consider the problem of storing a dynamic string $S$ over an alphabet $\Sigma=\{\,1,\ldots,\sigma\,\}$ in compressed form. Our representation supports insertions and deletions of symbols and answers three fundamental queries:…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-27 J. Ian Munro , Yakov Nekrich

Given a set of pattern strings $\mathcal{P}=\{P_1, P_2,\ldots P_k\}$ and a text string $S$, the classic dictionary matching problem is to report all occurrences of each pattern in $S$. We study the dictionary problem in the compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Simon J. Puglisi , Simon R. Tarnow

The suffix array is a fundamental data structure for many applications that involve string searching and data compression. Designing time/space-efficient suffix array construction algorithms has attracted significant attention and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Zhize Li , Jian Li , Hongwei Huo

Given a dynamic set $K$ of $k$ strings of total length $n$ whose characters are drawn from an alphabet of size $\sigma$, a keyword dictionary is a data structure built on $K$ that provides locate, prefix search, and update operations on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Kazuya Tsuruta , Dominik Köppl , Shunsuke Kanda , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Let S be a finite, ordered alphabet, and let x = x_1 x_2 ... x_n be a string over S. A "secondary index" for x answers alphabet range queries of the form: Given a range [a_l,a_r] over S, return the set I_{[a_l;a_r]} = {i |x_i \in [a_l;…

Databases · Computer Science 2008-11-19 Rasmus Pagh , S. Srinivasa Rao

We consider the dictionary problem in external memory and improve the update time of the well-known buffer tree by roughly a logarithmic factor. For any \lambda >= max {lg lg n, log_{M/B} (n/B)}, we can support updates in time O(\lambda /…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-15 John Iacono , Mihai Pǎtraşcu

A key principle in string processing is local consistency: using short contexts to handle matching fragments of a string consistently. String synchronizing sets [Kempa, Kociumaka; STOC 2019] are an influential instantiation of this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jonas Ellert , Tomasz Kociumaka

We introduce data structures answering queries concerning the occurrences of patterns from a given dictionary $\mathcal{D}$ in fragments of a given string $T$ of length $n$. The dictionary is internal in the sense that each pattern in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Tomasz Kociumaka , Manal Mohamed , Jakub Radoszewski , Wojciech Rytter , Tomasz Waleń

In this paper, we explore worst-case solutions for the problems of single and multiple matching on strings in the word RAM model with word length w. In the first problem, we have to build a data structure based on a pattern p of length m…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Djamal Belazzougui

Let ${\cal{D}}$ = $\{d_1, d_2, d_3, ..., d_D\}$ be a given set of $D$ (string) documents of total length $n$. The top-$k$ document retrieval problem is to index $\cal{D}$ such that when a pattern $P$ of length $p$, and a parameter $k$ come…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Rahul Shah , Cheng Sheng , Sharma V. Thankachan , Jeffrey Scott Vitter

Given strings $P$ and $Q$ the (exact) string matching problem is to find all positions of substrings in $Q$ matching $P$. The classical Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm [SIAM J. Comput., 1977] solves the string matching problem in linear time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-08 Philip Bille

In this paper we describe compressed indexes that support pattern matching queries for strings with wildcards. For a constant size alphabet our data structure uses $O(n\log^{\varepsilon}n)$ bits for any $\varepsilon>0$ and reports all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-06 Moshe Lewenstein , Yakov Nekrich , Jeffrey Scott Vitter