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The Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer (VGGT) marks a significant leap forward in 3D scene reconstruction, as it is the first model that directly infers all key 3D attributes (camera poses, depths, and dense geometry) jointly in one pass.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Weitian Wang , Lukas Meiner , Rai Shubham , Cecilia De La Parra , Akash Kumar

Dense prediction tasks are a fundamental class of problems in computer vision. As supervised methods suffer from high pixel-wise labeling cost, a few-shot learning solution that can learn any dense task from a few labeled images is desired.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Donggyun Kim , Jinwoo Kim , Seongwoong Cho , Chong Luo , Seunghoon Hong

In this paper, we present token labeling -- a new training objective for training high-performance vision transformers (ViTs). Different from the standard training objective of ViTs that computes the classification loss on an additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Zihang Jiang , Qibin Hou , Li Yuan , Daquan Zhou , Yujun Shi , Xiaojie Jin , Anran Wang , Jiashi Feng

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) typically keep the language model fixed and train a visual projector that maps the pixels into a sequence of tokens in its embedding space, so that images can be presented in essentially the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hyun Lee , Hyemin Jeong , Yejin Kim , Hyungwook Choi , Hyunsoo Cho , Soo Kyung Kim , Joonseok Lee

In the era of large-scale training, model merging has evolved into a tool for creating multitasking models efficiently. It enables the knowledge of models to be fused, without the need for heavy computation as required in traditional…

Stable diffusion is an outstanding image generation model for text-to-image, but its time-consuming generation process remains a challenge due to the quadratic complexity of attention operations. Recent token merging methods improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Min-Jeong Lee , Hee-Dong Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

Video transformer models require huge amounts of compute resources due to the spatio-temporal scaling of the input. Tackling this, recent methods have proposed to drop or merge tokens for image models, whether randomly or via learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Sam Pollard , Michael Wray

Diffusion-based multimodal large language models (Diffusion MLLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive non-autoregressive generative capabilities across vision-and-language tasks. However, Diffusion MLLMs exhibit substantially slower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuochen Chang , Xiaofeng Zhang , Qingyang Liu , Li Niu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as powerful backbones in computer vision, outperforming many traditional CNNs. However, their computational overhead, largely attributed to the self-attention mechanism, makes deployment on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Minchul Kim , Shangqian Gao , Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) suffer from high computational costs due to excessive visual tokens, particularly in high-resolution and video-based scenarios. Existing token reduction methods typically focus on isolated pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hanxun Yu , Wentong Li , Xuan Qu , Song Wang , Junbo Chen , Jianke Zhu

Low-light images suffer from complex degradation, and existing enhancement methods often encode all degradation factors within a single latent space. This leads to highly entangled features and strong black-box characteristics, making the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Shuangli Du , Siming Yan , Zhenghao Shi , Zhenzhen You , Lu Sun

This work presents Adaptive Local-then-Global Merging (ALGM), a token reduction method for semantic segmentation networks that use plain Vision Transformers. ALGM merges tokens in two stages: (1) In the first network layer, it merges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Narges Norouzi , Svetlana Orlova , Daan de Geus , Gijs Dubbelman

Token-based video representation has emerged as a promising approach for enabling large language models (LLMs) to interpret video content. However, existing token reduction techniques, such as pruning and merging, often disrupt essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haichao Zhang , Yun Fu

Since its inception, Vision Transformer (ViT) has emerged as a prevalent model in the computer vision domain. Nonetheless, the multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism in ViT is computationally expensive due to its calculation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Zhe Bian , Zhe Wang , Wenqiang Han , Kangping Wang

We propose Vision Token Turing Machines (ViTTM), an efficient, low-latency, memory-augmented Vision Transformer (ViT). Our approach builds on Neural Turing Machines and Token Turing Machines, which were applied to NLP and sequential visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Purvish Jajal , Nick John Eliopoulos , Benjamin Shiue-Hal Chou , George K. Thiruvathukal , James C. Davis , Yung-Hsiang Lu

Token pruning has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the substantial computational overhead of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) by discarding less informative visual tokens while preserving performance. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kexin Ma , Jing Xiao , Chaofeng Chen , Geyong Min , Guibo Zhu , Jinqiao Wang , Liang Liao

In this paper, we introduce LightVLM, a simple but effective method that can be seamlessly deployed upon existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to greatly accelerate the inference process in a training-free manner. We divide the inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lianyu Hu , Fanhua Shang , Wei Feng , Liang Wan

Token compression techniques have recently emerged as powerful tools for accelerating Vision Transformer (ViT) inference in computer vision. Due to the quadratic computational complexity with respect to the token sequence length, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Phat Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Recent DEtection TRansformer-based (DETR) models have obtained remarkable performance. Its success cannot be achieved without the re-introduction of multi-scale feature fusion in the encoder. However, the excessively increased tokens in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Feng Li , Ailing Zeng , Shilong Liu , Hao Zhang , Hongyang Li , Lei Zhang , Lionel M. Ni

Vision Transformer (ViT) has achieved impressive results across various vision tasks, yet its high computational cost limits practical applications. Recent methods have aimed to reduce ViT's $O(n^2)$ complexity by pruning unimportant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yi-Kuan Hsieh , Jun-Wei Hsieh , Xin Li , Yu-Ming Chang , Yu-Chee Tseng