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BL Lacertae is a blazar at the redshift of z = 0.069, eponym of the BL Lac blazar type. It is also a prototype of the low-frequency-peaked BL Lac (LBL) subclass. It was first detected in sub-TeV gamma-ray range by MAGIC in 2005. In 2015,…

BL Lacertae (BL Lac), the archetypal blazar of its subclass and one of the most studied blazars in the last decades, has undergone a series of major multi-wavelength outbursts since 2020, resulting in its highest recorded $\gamma$-ray flare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 K. Abe , S. Abe , A. Abhishek , F. Acero , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , C. Alispach , D. Ambrosino , F. Ambrosino , L. A. Antonelli , C. Aramo , A. Arbet-Engels , C. Arcaro , T. T. H. Arnesen , P. Aubert , A. Baktash , M. Balbo , A. Bamba , A. Baquero Larriva , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , L. Barrios Jiménez , I. Batkovic , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , J. Bernete , A. Berti , E. Bissaldi , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , A. Briscioli , G. Brunelli , J. Buces , A. Bulgarelli , I. Burelli , L. Burmistrov , M. Cardillo , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , R. Carraro , F. Cassol , D. Cerasole , A. Cerviño Cortínez , Y. Chai , G. Chon , L. Chytka , G. M. Cicciari , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , H. Costantini , M. Croisonnier , M. Dalchenko , G. D'Amico , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , M. de Bony de Lavergne , R. Del Burgo , C. Delgado , J. Delgado Mengual , D. della Volpe , B. De Lotto , L. Del Peral , R. de Menezes , G. De Palma , V. de Souza , C. Díaz , L. Di Bella , A. Di Piano , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , L. Eisenberger , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , L. Feligioni , F. Ferrarotto , A. Fiasson , L. Foffano , Y. Fukazawa , S. Gallozzi , R. Garcia López , S. Garcia Soto , C. Gasbarra , D. Gasparrini , J. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , N. Godinovic , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , J. Green , G. Grolleron , S. Gunji , P. Günther , J. Hackfeld , D. Hadasch , M. Hashizume , T. Hassan , K. Hayashi , L. Heckmann , M. Heller , J. Herrera Llorente , N. Hiroshima , D. Hoffmann , D. Horns , J. Houles , D. Hrupec , R. Imazawa , T. Inada , S. Inoue , K. Ioka , M. Iori , T. Itokawa , A. Iuliano , J. Jahanvi , I. Jimenez Martinez , J. Jimenez Quiles , I. Jorge Rodrigo , J. Jurysek , M. Kagaya , V. Karas , H. Katagiri , D. Kerszberg , T. Kiyomoto , Y. Kobayashi , K. Kohri , P. Kornecki , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , B. Lacave , M. Lainez , A. Lamastra , L. Lemoigne , M. Linhoff , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , J. Lozano Bahilo , F. Lucarelli , H. Luciani , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , D. Mandat , K. Mannheim , F. Marini , M. Mariotti , P. Marquez , G. Marsella , J. Martí , O. Martinez , G. Martínez , M. Martínez , M. Massa , D. Mazin , J. Méndez-Gallego , S. Menon , E. Mestre Guillen , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , M. Molero Gonzalez , E. Molina , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo , A. Morselli , V. Moya , A. L. Müller , H. Muraishi , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamori , A. Neronov , D. Nieto Castaño , M. Nievas Rosillo , L. Nikolic , K. Noda , V. Novotny , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , Y. Ohtani , A. Okumura , R. Orito , L. Orsini , J. Otero-Santos , P. Ottanelli , M. Palatiello , G. Panebianco , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Pech , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , F. Perrotta , F. Pfeifle , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , C. Plard , F. Podobnik , M. Polo , C. Pozo-Gonzaléz , E. Prandini , S. Rainò , R. Rando , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , M. D. Rodríguez Frías , A. Roy , A. Ruina , E. Ruiz-Velasco , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , D. A. Sanchez , H. Sano , E. Santos Moura , T. Šarić , Y. Sato , F. G. Saturni , V. Savchenko , F. Schiavone , F. Schussler , T. Schweizer , M. Seglar Arroyo , G. Silvestri , A. Simongini , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , I. Sofia , J. Strišković , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , A. Sunny , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , R. Takeishi , S. J. Tanaka , D. Tateishi , T. Tavernier , P. Temnikov , Y. Terada , K. Terauchi , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , M. Tluczykont , T. Tomura , D. F. Torres , F. Tramonti , P. Travnicek , G. Tripodo , A. Tutone , M. Vacula , M. Vázquez Acosta , G. Verna , I. Viale , A. Viana , A. Vigliano , C. F. Vigorito , E. Visentin , V. Vitale , G. Voutsinas , I. Vovk , T. Vuillaume , R. Walter , T. Yamamoto , R. Yamazaki , Y. Yao , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , W. Zhang , N. Zywucka , the CTAO-LST collaboration , F. Aceituno , J. A. Acosta-Pulido , V. Casanova , J. Escudero Pedrosa , V. Fallah Ramazani , J. Jormanainen , S. Jorstad , G. Keating , P. M. Kouch , M. Gurwell , A. Lähteenmäki , E. Lindfors , A. Marscher , D. Morcuende , I. Myserlis , K. Nilsson , C. A. Ortega Hunter , R. Rao , A. Sota , M. Tornikoski , H. Zhang

New observations of the broad-line quasar PG1416-129 reveal a large decline in its continuum luminosity over the past ten years. In response to the continuum change the ``classical'' broad component of Hbeta has almost completely…

Based on 5344 quasar spectra taken from the SDSS Data Release 2, the dependences of various emission-line flux ratios on redshift and quasar luminosity are investigated in the ranges 2.0 < z < 4.5 and -24.5 > M_B > -29.5$. We show that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tohru Nagao , Alessandro Marconi , Roberto Maiolino

We present results of the optical spectral and photometric observations of the nucleus of Markarian 6 made with the 2.6-m Shajn telescope at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. The continuum and emission Balmer line intensities varied…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 V. T. Doroshenko , S. G. Sergeev , S. A. Klimanov , V. I. Pronik , Yu. S. Efimov

We propose a scenario where blazars are classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), BL Lacs, low synchrotron, or high synchrotron peaked objects according to a varying mix of the Doppler boosted radiation from the jet, the emission…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 P. Giommi , P. Padovani , G. Polenta , S. Turriziani , V. D'Elia , S. Piranomonte

We present the first Kepler monitoring of a strongly variable BL Lac, W2R1926+42. The light curve covers 181 days with ~0.2% errors, 30 minute sampling and >90% duty cycle, showing numerous delta I/I > 25% flares over timescales as short as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-09-08 R. Edelson , R. Mushotzky , S. Vaughan , J. Scargle , P. Gandhi , M. Malkan , W. Baumgartner

We have observed a dramatic change in the spectrum of the formerly heavily absorbed `overlapping-trough' iron low-ionization broad absorption line (FeLoBAL) quasar FBQS J1408+3054. Over a time span of between 0.6 to 5 rest-frame years, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Patrick B. Hall , Konstantin Anosov , R. L. White , W. N. Brandt , M. D. Gregg , R. R. Gibson , R. H. Becker , D. P. Schneider

We present BVR photometric observations of the blazar PKS 0736+017. These observations were carried out with three telescopes in Mexico and two in Spain between December 1998 and April 2003. PKS 0736+017 shows remarkable variation at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Ramirez , J. A. de Diego , D. Dultzin-Hacyan , J. N. Gonzalez-Perez

We present the temporal and spectral study of blazar PKS 0208-512, using recent flaring activity from November 2019 to May 2020, as detected by the Fermi-LAT observatory. The contemporaneous X-ray, optical/UV observations from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-12 Rukaiya Khatoon , Raj Prince , Zahir Shah , Sunder Sahayanathan , Rupjyoti Gogoi

We present the analysis results of flux and spectral variability of the blazar OP 313 across intra-night to short-term timescales using BVRI photometric data, gathered over 25 nights from Nov 2024 to May 2025, using two optical telescopes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-11 P. U. Devanand , Alok C. Gupta , Karan Dogra , Shubham Kishore , Tushar Tripathi

We present X-ray observations of the BL Lacertae (BL Lac) object Markarian 501 (Mrk 501), taken with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer in 1998 May as part of a multi-wavelength campaign. The X-ray light curve shows a very rapid flare in which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Michael Catanese , Rita M. Sambruna

We report the detection of high polarization in the first detailed optical linear polarization measurements on the BL Lac object CGRaBS J0211+1051, which flared in $\gamma$-rays on 2011 January 23 as reported by Fermi. The observations were…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Sunil Chandra , Kiran S Baliyan , Shashikiran Ganesh , Umesh Joshi

Blazars, the peculiar class of active galactic nuclei (AGN), are known to show flux variations across the accessible electromagnetic spectrum. Though they have been studied extensively for their flux variability characteristics across…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-13 M. Reshma , Aditi Agarwal , C. S. Stalin , Prajwel Joseph , Akanksha Dagore , Amit Kumar Mandal , Ashish Devaraj , S. B. Gudennavar

Study of the polarization behaviour in blazars is a powerful tool to discern the role of magnetic field in the variable emission process in their relativistic jets. We present here results of our systematic investigation on the correlation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-12 Ashwani Pandey , Bhoomika Rajput , C. S. Stalin

We present the first systematic search for "changing-look" ("CL") behavior in the broad He ii $\lambda$4686 emission line in quasars, utilizing repeated spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The He ii line, originating from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-09 Wentao Lu , Jun-Xian Wang

Context. Multiwavelength studies of transients in actively accreting supermassive black holes have revealed that large-amplitude variability is frequently linked to significant changes in the optical spectra -- a phenomenon known as…

Here we present results of the long-term (1987-2010) optical spectral monitoring of the broad line radio galaxy Arp 102B, a prototype of active galactic nuclei with the double-peaked broad emission lines, usually assumed to be emitted from…

The BL Lac PG 1553+113 has been continuously monitored in gamma rays with Fermi-LAT for over 9 years. Its updated light curve now includes 5 iterations of a main pattern comprising a high peak and a longer trough, with a period P \sim 2.2…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-21 Marco Tavani , Alfonso Cavaliere , Pere Munar-Adrover , Andrea Argan

We present long term optical and near infrared flux variability analysis of 37 blazars detected in the $\gamma$-ray band by the {\it Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope}. Among them, 30 are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 7 are BL Lac…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-28 P. Z. Safna , C. S. Stalin , Suvendu Rakshit , Blesson Mathew