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Decision tree models, including random forests and gradient-boosted decision trees, are widely used in machine learning due to their high predictive performance. However, their complex structures often make them difficult to interpret,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Akihiro Takemura , Masayuki Otani , Katsumi Inoue

Interpretability has become incredibly important as machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decisions. We propose to construct global explanations of complex, blackbox models in the form of a decision tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

We consider the problem of PAC-learning decision trees, i.e., learning a decision tree over the n-dimensional hypercube from independent random labeled examples. Despite significant effort, no polynomial-time algorithm is known for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-12-05 Adam Tauman Kalai , Shang-Hua Teng

There is a widespread and longstanding belief that machine learning models are biased towards the majority class when learning from imbalanced binary response data, leading them to neglect or ignore the minority class. Motivated by a recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-29 Nathan Phelps , Daniel J. Lizotte , Douglas G. Woolford

As a multitude of capable machine learning (ML) models become widely available in forms such as open-source software and public APIs, central questions remain regarding their use in real-world applications, especially in high-stakes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Dimitris Bertsimas , Matthew Peroni

Understanding how "black-box" models arrive at their predictions has sparked significant interest from both within and outside the AI community. Our work focuses on doing this by generating local explanations about individual predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Ana Lucic , Hinda Haned , Maarten de Rijke

Using Machine Learning systems in the real world can often be problematic, with inexplicable black-box models, the assumed certainty of imperfect measurements, or providing a single classification instead of a probability distribution. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jonathan S. Kent , David H. Menager

Intelligent systems that use Machine Learning classification algorithms are increasingly common in everyday society. However, many systems use black-box models that do not have characteristics that allow for self-explanation of their…

The discovery of causal relationships is a foundational problem in artificial intelligence, statistics, epidemiology, economics, and beyond. While elegant theories exist for accurate causal discovery given infinite data, real-world…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-28 Mian Wei , Somesh Jha , David Page

Imagine being able to ask questions to a black box model such as "Which adversarial examples exist?", "Does a specific attribute have a disproportionate effect on the model's prediction?" or "What kind of predictions could possibly be made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Laurens Devos , Wannes Meert , Jesse Davis

Datasets can be biased due to societal inequities, human biases, under-representation of minorities, etc. Our goal is to certify that models produced by a learning algorithm are pointwise-robust to potential dataset biases. This is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Anna P. Meyer , Aws Albarghouthi , Loris D'Antoni

Reachability analysis evaluates system safety, by identifying the set of states a system may evolve within over a finite time horizon. In contrast to model-based reachability analysis, data-driven reachability analysis estimates reachable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Elizabeth Dietrich , Hanna Krasowski , Murat Arcak

We propose an algorithm combining calibrated prediction and generalization bounds from learning theory to construct confidence sets for deep neural networks with PAC guarantees---i.e., the confidence set for a given input contains the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Sangdon Park , Osbert Bastani , Nikolai Matni , Insup Lee

In recent years, the number of new applications for highly complex AI systems has risen significantly. Algorithmic decision-making systems (ADMs) are one of such applications, where an AI system replaces the decision-making process of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Alexander Wilhelm , Katharina A. Zweig

Precision and Recall are fundamental metrics in machine learning tasks where both accurate predictions and comprehensive coverage are essential, such as in multi-label learning, language generation, medical studies, and recommender systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Lee Cohen , Yishay Mansour , Shay Moran , Han Shao

The decision tree recursively partitions the input space into regions and derives axis-aligned decision boundaries from data. Despite its simplicity and interpretability, decision trees lack parameterized representation, which makes it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jinxiong Zhang

The lack of interpretability remains a barrier to the adoption of deep neural networks. Recently, tree regularization has been proposed to encourage deep neural networks to resemble compact, axis-aligned decision trees without significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Mike Wu , Sonali Parbhoo , Michael Hughes , Ryan Kindle , Leo Celi , Maurizio Zazzi , Volker Roth , Finale Doshi-Velez

The classification of imbalanced data has presented a significant challenge for most well-known classification algorithms that were often designed for data with relatively balanced class distributions. Nevertheless skewed class distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-21 Jiaju Miao , Wei Zhu

Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) bounds are widely used to derive probabilistic guarantees for the generalisation of machine learning models. They highlight the components of the model which contribute to its generalisation capacity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Thomas Walker , Alessio Lomuscio

Decision trees are widely used for non-linear modeling, as they capture interactions between predictors while producing inherently interpretable models. Despite their popularity, performing inference on the non-linear fit remains largely…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Soham Bakshi , Snigdha Panigrahi
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