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Large pretrained language models (PLMs) are often domain- or task-adapted via fine-tuning or prompting. Finetuning requires modifying all of the parameters and having enough data to avoid overfitting while prompting requires no training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Zejiang Hou , Julian Salazar , George Polovets

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that leverages low-rank adaptation of weight matrices, has emerged as a prevalent technique for fine-tuning pre-trained models such as large language models and diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuchen Zeng , Kangwook Lee

Parameter-efficient methods like LoRA have revolutionised large language model (LLM) fine-tuning. ReLoRA extends this idea to pretraining by repeatedly merging and reinitialising low-rank adapters, increasing cumulative rank while keeping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuval Weiss , David Demitri Africa , Paula Buttery , Richard Diehl Martinez

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as adapter tuning, aim to fine-tune a pre-trained language model (PLM) using a minimal number of parameters for a specific task or profile. Although adapter tuning provides increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Namju Kwak , Taesup Kim

Large pre-trained models are commonly adapted to downstream tasks using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), which injects small trainable low-rank matrices instead of updating all weights. While LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Martin Takac , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Sequence model based NLP applications can be large. Yet, many applications that benefit from them run on small devices with very limited compute and storage capabilities, while still having run-time constraints. As a result, there is a need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Urmish Thakker , Jesse Beu , Dibakar Gope , Ganesh Dasika , Matthew Mattina

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods face a tradeoff between adapter size and expressivity: ultra-low-parameter adapters are confined to fixed low-rank subspaces, capping performance even with extended training. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Raviteja Anantha , Nick Levato , Layne C. Price

Despite their ubiquity in NLP tasks, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks suffer from computational inefficiencies caused by inherent unparallelizable recurrences, which further aggravates as LSTMs require more parameters for larger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Jamin Shin , Elham J. Barezi , Pascale Fung

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have transformed the approach to fine-tuning large models for downstream tasks by enabling the adjustment of significantly fewer parameters than those in the original model matrices. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alessio Quercia , Zhuo Cao , Arya Bangun , Richard D. Paul , Abigail Morrison , Ira Assent , Hanno Scharr

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, multimodal models, e.g., integrating vision and language into visual-language models (VLMs), have become pivotal for many applications, ranging from image captioning to multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Duy Phuong Nguyen , J. Pablo Munoz , Ali Jannesari

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely-used parameter-efficient finetuning method for large language models. LoRA saves memory by training only low rank perturbations to selected weight matrices. In this work, we compare the performance of…

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

Paraphrase generation is a longstanding NLP task and achieves great success with the aid of large corpora. However, transferring a paraphrasing model to another domain encounters the problem of domain shifting especially when the data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Zhigen Li , Yanmeng Wang , Rizhao Fan , Ye Wang , Jianfeng Li , Shaojun Wang

The rapid growth of model scale has necessitated substantial computational resources for fine-tuning. Existing approach such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has sought to address the problem of handling the large updated parameters in full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yiming Shi , Jiwei Wei , Yujia Wu , Ran Ran , Chengwei Sun , Shiyuan He , Yang Yang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of text-to-image models has become an increasingly popular technique with many applications. Among the various PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have gained significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zerui Tao , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Qibin Zhao , Yuki Mitsufuji

Due to the substantial scale of Large Language Models (LLMs), the direct application of conventional compression methodologies proves impractical. The computational demands associated with even minimal gradient updates present challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta

While Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) are widely used paradigms in robot control, few systematic studies have been performed on the relative merits of large parameter spaces. In contexts where input and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Kevin Godin-Dubois , Anil Yaman , Anna V. Kononova

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is often limited by the memory available on commodity GPUs. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods such as QLoRA reduce the number of trainable parameters, yet still incur high memory usage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Estelle Zheng , Nathan Cerisara , Sébastien Warichet , Emmanuel Helbert , Christophe Cerisara

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Large language models achieve state-of-the-art performance but are increasingly costly to fine-tune. Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that addresses parameter-efficiency by learning prompt embeddings, but these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zijun Wu , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou