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We find homogeneous counting quasimorphisms that are effective at seeing chains in a free group F. As corollary, we derive that if a group G has an index-d free subgroup, then every element g in G either has stable commutator length at…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-13 Jing Tao

Interaction models describe distributed systems as algebraic terms, with gates marking interaction points between local views. Composing local models into a coherent global one requires aligning these gates while respecting the algebraic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Joel Nguetoum , Boutheina Bannour , Pascale Le Gall , Erwan Mahe

Linear algebra's main concerns are sets of vectors, linear functions, subspaces, linear systems, matrices and concepts about those, such as whether the solution of linear system exists or is unique; a set of vectors is linearly independent…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Iago Leal de Freitas , Júlia Mota , João Paixão , Lucas Rufino

Consider the algebra Q<<x_1,x_2,...>> of formal power series in countably many noncommuting variables over the rationals. The subalgebra Pi(x_1,x_2,...) of symmetric functions in noncommuting variables consists of all elements invariant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mercedes H. Rosas , Bruce E. Sagan

We introduce notions of absolutely non-free and perfectly non-free group actions and use them to study the associated unitary representations. We show that every weakly branch group acts absolutely non-freely on the boundary of the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Artem Dudko , Rostislav Grigorchuk

The subgroup pattern of a finite group $G$ is the table of marks of $G$ together with a list of representatives of the conjugacy classes of subgroups of $G$. In this article we describe a collection of sequences realized by the subgroup…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-14 Liam Naughton , Goetz Pfeiffer

We study the notion of irreducibility of semigroup morphisms. Given an alphabet $\Sigma$, a morphism $\varphi:\Sigma^+\rightarrow\Sigma^+$ is irreducible if any factorisation $\varphi=\psi_2\circ\psi_1$ can only be satisfied if $\psi_1$ or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Paul C. Bell , Eva Foster , Daniel Reidenbach

We consider the problem of characterizing all functions $f$ defined on the set of integers modulo $n$ with the property that an average of some $n$th roots of unity determined by $f$ is always an algebraic integer. Examples of such…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-25 Chatchawan Panraksa , Pornrat Ruengrot

A subset of positive integers $F$ is a Schreier set if it is non-empty and $|F|\leqslant \min F$ (here $|F|$ is the cardinality of $F$). For each positive integer $k$, we define $k\mathcal{S}$ as the collection of all the unions of at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Kevin Beanland , Dmitriy Gorovoy , Jȩdrzej Hodor , Daniil Homza

We give complete, finite quasiequational axiomatisations for algebras of unary partial functions under the operations of composition, domain, antidomain, range and intersection. This completes the extensive programme of classifying algebras…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-10-16 Robin Hirsch , Marcel Jackson , Szabolcs Mikulás

It was proved that for any finite set of elements of a free product of residually finite groups such that no two of them belong to conjugate cyclic subgroups and each of them do not belong to a subgroup which is conjugate a to free factor…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-04 Vladimir V. Yedynak

We continue work started in [1] concerning integer sequences q(n), n in N, defined by q(n) = q(n-q(n-1)) + f(n), with q(1) = 1. Here, f(n), with f(1) = 0, is a given sequence. We define F as the set of semi-infinite sequence f such that the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Jonathan H. B. Deane , Guido Gentile

Continuous symmetries are fundamental to many scientific and learning problems, yet they are often unknown a priori. Existing symmetry discovery approaches typically search directly in the space of transformation generators or rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pavan Karjol , Kumar Shubham , Prathosh AP

In this self-contained paper, we present a theory of the piecewise linear minimal valid functions for the 1-row Gomory-Johnson infinite group problem. The non-extreme minimal valid functions are those that admit effective perturbations. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-08 Robert Hildebrand , Matthias Köppe , Yuan Zhou

A permutation is said to be a square if it can be obtained by shuffling two order-isomorphic patterns. The definition is intended to be the natural counterpart to the ordinary shuffle of words and languages. In this paper, we tackle the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Samuele Giraudo , Stéphane Vialette

We construct new examples of non-nil algebras with any number of generators, which are direct sums of two locally nilpotent subalgebras. As all previously known examples, our examples are contracted semigroup algebras and the underlying…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vesselin Drensky , Lakhdar Hammoudi

A semigroup is \emph{amiable} if there is exactly one idempotent in each $\mathcal{R}^*$-class and in each $\mathcal{L}^*$-class. A semigroup is \emph{adequate} if it is amiable and if its idempotents commute. We characterize adequate…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-23 Joao Araujo , Michael Kinyon , Antonio Malheiro

For any finite abelian group $G$ and commutative unitary ring $R$, by $R[G]$ we denote the group algebra over $R$. Let $T=(g_1,\ldots,g_{\ell})$ be a sequence over the group $G$. We say $T$ is algebraically zero-sum free over R if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Guoqing Wang

We introduce notions of absolutely continuous functionals and representations on the non-commutative disk algebra $A_n$. Absolutely continuous functionals are used to help identify the type L part of the free semigroup algebra associated to…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kenneth R. Davidson , Jiankui Li , David R. Pitts

Let S be a subsemigroup of an abelian torsion-free group G. If S is a positive cone of G, then all C*-algebras generated by faithful isometrical non-unitary representations of S are canonically isomorphic. Proved by Murphy, this statement…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2012-12-04 M. A. Aukhadiev , V. H. Tepoyan