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Diffusion models, a powerful and universal generative AI technology, have achieved tremendous success in computer vision, audio, reinforcement learning, and computational biology. In these applications, diffusion models provide flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Minshuo Chen , Song Mei , Jianqing Fan , Mengdi Wang

In this work, we investigate an intriguing and prevalent phenomenon of diffusion models which we term as "consistent model reproducibility": given the same starting noise input and a deterministic sampler, different diffusion models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Huijie Zhang , Jinfan Zhou , Yifu Lu , Minzhe Guo , Peng Wang , Liyue Shen , Qing Qu

Classifier-free guidance has become a staple for conditional generation with denoising diffusion models. However, a comprehensive understanding of classifier-free guidance is still missing. In this work, we carry out an empirical study to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaoming Zhao , Alexander G. Schwing

Diffusion models struggle to produce samples that respect constraints, a common requirement in scientific applications. Recent approaches have introduced regularization terms in the loss or guidance methods during sampling to enforce such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Victor M. Yeom-Song , Severi Rissanen , Arno Solin , Samuel Kaski , Mingfei Sun

Diffusion models excel in generating high-quality images. However, current diffusion models struggle to produce reliable images without guidance methods, such as classifier-free guidance (CFG). Are guidance methods truly necessary?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Donghoon Ahn , Jiwon Kang , Sanghyun Lee , Jaewon Min , Minjae Kim , Wooseok Jang , Hyoungwon Cho , Sayak Paul , SeonHwa Kim , Eunju Cha , Kyong Hwan Jin , Seungryong Kim

We present an novel framework for efficiently and effectively extending the powerful continuous diffusion processes to discrete modeling. Previous approaches have suffered from the discrepancy between discrete data and continuous modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yuxuan Gu , Xiaocheng Feng , Lei Huang , Yingsheng Wu , Zekun Zhou , Weihong Zhong , Kun Zhu , Bing Qin

While diffusion models have achieved great success in generating continuous signals such as images and audio, it remains elusive for diffusion models in learning discrete sequence data like natural languages. Although recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Jiasheng Ye , Zaixiang Zheng , Yu Bao , Lihua Qian , Mingxuan Wang

Guidance in conditional diffusion generation is of great importance for sample quality and controllability. However, existing guidance schemes are to be desired. On one hand, mainstream methods such as classifier guidance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jiajun Ma , Tianyang Hu , Wenjia Wang , Jiacheng Sun

Guidance provides a simple and effective framework for posterior sampling by steering the generation process towards the desired distribution. When modeling discrete data, existing approaches mostly focus on guidance with the first-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyan Wan , Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Fang Fang , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

Diffusion models that are based on iterative denoising have been recently proposed and leveraged in various generation tasks like image generation. Whereas, as a way inherently built for continuous data, existing diffusion models still have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Jiaao Chen , Aston Zhang , Mu Li , Alex Smola , Diyi Yang

Discrete diffusion models, like continuous diffusion models, generate high-quality samples by gradually undoing noise applied to datapoints with a Markov process. Gradual generation in theory comes with many conceptual benefits; for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alan N. Amin , Nate Gruver , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Recent advances in diffusion models have shown remarkable potential in the conditional generation of novel molecules. These models can be guided in two ways: (i) explicitly, through additional features representing the condition, or (ii)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yuchen Shen , Chenhao Zhang , Sijie Fu , Chenghui Zhou , Newell Washburn , Barnabás Póczos

Classifier-free guided diffusion models have recently been shown to be highly effective at high-resolution image generation, and they have been widely used in large-scale diffusion frameworks including DALLE-2, Stable Diffusion and Imagen.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Chenlin Meng , Robin Rombach , Ruiqi Gao , Diederik P. Kingma , Stefano Ermon , Jonathan Ho , Tim Salimans

Discrete diffusion models are a class of generative models that produce samples from an approximated data distribution within a discrete state space. Often, there is a need to target specific regions of the data distribution. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Cheuk Kit Lee , Paul Jeha , Jes Frellsen , Pietro Lio , Michael Samuel Albergo , Francisco Vargas

Recent advancements in diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling. However, the impressive and vivid outputs they produce often come at the cost of significant model scaling and increased computational demands. Consequently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jincheng Zhong , Xiangcheng Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Adding additional control to pretrained diffusion models has become an increasingly popular research area, with extensive applications in computer vision, reinforcement learning, and AI for science. Recently, several studies have proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yifei Shen , Xinyang Jiang , Yezhen Wang , Yifan Yang , Dongqi Han , Dongsheng Li

Classifier guidance is intended to steer a diffusion process such that a given classifier reliably recognizes the generated data point as a certain class. However, most classifier guidance approaches are restricted to robust classifiers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Philipp Vaeth , Dibyanshu Kumar , Benjamin Paassen , Magda Gregorová

Diffusion models exhibit excellent sample quality, but existing guidance methods often require additional model training or are limited to specific tasks. We revisit guidance in diffusion models from the perspective of variational inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kushagra Pandey , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Felix Draxler , Theofanis Karaletsos , Stephan Mandt

Diffusion models (DMs) are a powerful generative framework that have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, the high computational cost of training DMs limits their practical applications. In this paper, we start with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Tianshuo Xu , Peng Mi , Ruilin Wang , Yingcong Chen

Diffusion models typically generate data through a fixed denoising trajectory that is shared across all samples. However, generation targets can differ in complexity, suggesting that a single pre-defined diffusion process may not be optimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yucheng Xing , Xiaodong Liu , Xin Wang