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We present fully general-relativistic simulations of binary neutron star mergers with a temperature and composition dependent nuclear equation of state. We study the dynamical mass ejection from both quasi-circular and dynamical-capture…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-21 David Radice , Filippo Galeazzi , Jonas Lippuner , Luke F. Roberts , Christian D. Ott , Luciano Rezzolla

Observations of debris disks offer a window into the physical and dynamical properties of planetesimals in extrasolar systems through the size distribution of dust grains. In particular, the millimeter spectral index of thermal dust…

Despite their very low surface gravities, the surfaces of asteroids and comets are covered by granular materials - regolith - that can range from a fine dust to a gravel-like structure of varying depths. Understanding the dynamics of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-10 N. Murdoch , B. Rozitis , S. F. Green , P. Michel , T-L. de Lophem , W. Losert

Numerous small bodies inevitably lead to cratering impacts on large planetary bodies during planet formation and evolution. As a consequence of these small impacts, a fraction of the target material escapes from the gravity of the large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Ryuki Hyodo , Hidenori Genda

Some asteroids eject dust, producing transient, comet-like comae and tails; these are the active asteroids. The causes of activity in this newly-identified population are many and varied. They include impact ejection and disruption,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 David Jewitt , Henry Hsieh , Jessica Agarwal

Early dust evolution in protoplanetary disks is dominated by sticking collisions. However, this initial phase of particle growth faces constraints - notably from destructive encounters. To find the maximum particle size achievable, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 J. Teiser , J. Penner , K. Joeris , F. C. Onyeagusi , J. E. Kollmer , D. Daab , G. Wurm

Giant impacts, the collisions between planetary embryos, play a crucial role in sculpting the planets and their orbital architectures. Numerical simulations have advanced our understanding of these events, enabling estimations of mass and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 Tuhin Ghosh , Mark Wyatt , Oliver Shorttle

We present two-dimensional numerical simulations of the evolution of a low-mass star moving supersonically through its surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). We show that the ejecta of a moving star with a systemic velocity of 20 km/s will…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Eva Villaver , Guillermo Garcia-Segura , Arturo Manchado

The chemical environments of young planets are assumed to be largely influenced by impacts of bodies lingering on unstable trajectories after the dissolution of the protoplanetary disk. We explore the chemical consequences of impacts within…

A model for the asteroid resurfacing by regolith convection is built to estimate its timescale. In the model, regolith convection is driven by the impact-induced global seismic shaking. The model consists of three steps: (i) intermittent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-06 Tomoya M. Yamada , Kousuke Ando , Tomokatsu Morota , Hiroaki Katsuragi

Recently it is proposed that porous icy dust aggregates are formed by pairwise accretion of dust aggregates beyond the snowline. We calculate the equilibrium random velocity of porous dust aggregates taking into account mutual gravitational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-20 Shugo Michikoshi , Eiichiro Kokubo

We present a calculation of protostellar disk formation and evolution in which gaseous clumps (essentially, the first Larson cores formed via disk fragmentation) are ejected from the disk during the early stage of evolution. This is a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Shantanu Basu , Eduard I. Vorobyov

High resolution observations of the asteroids Iris and Juno have been performed by means of the UVES spectrograph at the ESO VLT to obtain the effective accurac y of the spectrograph's radial velocity. The knowledge of this quantity has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Molaro , S. A. Levshakov , S. Monai , M. Centurion , P. Bonifacio , S. D'Odorico , L. Monaco

We present global 2-D inviscid disk simulations with an embedded planet, emphasizing the non-linear dynamics in its co-orbital region. We find that the potential vorticity of the flow in this region is not conserved due to the presence of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-27 Josef Koller , Hui Li , Douglas N. C. Lin

With hundreds of exoplanets detected, it is necessary to revisit giant planets accretion models to explain their mass distribution. In particular, formation of sub-jovian planets remains unclear, given the short timescale for the runaway…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Guillaume Rivier , Aurélien Crida , Alessandro Morbidelli , Yann Brouet

The terrestrial planets formed by accretion of asteroid-like objects within the inner solar system's protoplanetary disk. Previous works have found that forming a small-mass Mars requires the disk to contain little mass beyond ~1.5 au…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-16 Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Takashi Ito

Planetesimals are born fragile and are subject to destruction by wind erosion as they move through the gas of a protoplanetary disk. In microgravity experiments, we determined the shear stress necessary for erosion of a surface consisting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-08 Laurent Schönau , Jens Teiser , Tunahan Demirci , Kolja Joeris , Tetyana Bila , F. Chioma Onyeagusi , Miriam Fritscher , Gerhard Wurm

The modestly eccentric and non-coplanar orbits of the giant planets pose a challenge to solar system formation theories which generally indicate that the giant planets emerged from the protoplanetary disk in nearly perfectly circular and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 Garett Brown , Renu Malhotra , Hanno Rein

By performing general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations with an approximate neutrino-radiation transfer, the properties of ejecta in dynamical and post-merger phases are investigated for the cases in which the remnant massive neutron…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 Sho Fujibayashi , Kenta Kiuchi , Shinya Wanajo , Koutarou Kyutoku , Yuichiro Sekiguchi , Masaru Shibata

The gravitational instability model of planet/brown dwarf formation proposes that protostellar discs can fragment into objects with masses above a few Jupiter masses at large semimajor axis. Tidal downsizing may reduce both the object mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Duncan Forgan , Richard Parker , Ken Rice