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Recent studies have explored leveraging the world knowledge and cognitive capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to address the long-tail problem in end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing methods typically formulate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yongkang Li , Kaixin Xiong , Xiangyu Guo , Fang Li , Sixu Yan , Gangwei Xu , Lijun Zhou , Long Chen , Haiyang Sun , Bing Wang , Kun Ma , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

The Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with extensive world knowledge have revitalized autonomous driving, particularly in reasoning tasks within perceivable regions. However, when faced with perception-limited areas (dynamic or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mingliang Zhai , Cheng Li , Zengyuan Guo , Ningrui Yang , Xiameng Qin , Sanyuan Zhao , Junyu Han , Ji Tao , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia

Exploring open-world situations in an end-to-end manner is a promising yet challenging task due to the need for strong generalization capabilities. In particular, end-to-end autonomous driving in unstructured outdoor environments often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hyunki Seong , Seongwoo Moon , Hojin Ahn , Jehun Kang , David Hyunchul Shim

Integrating vision-language models (VLMs) into end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving (AD) systems has shown promise in improving scene understanding. However, existing integration strategies suffer from several limitations: they either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wenhui Huang , Songyan Zhang , Qihang Huang , Zhidong Wang , Zhiqi Mao , Collister Chua , Zhan Chen , Long Chen , Chen Lv

Autonomous driving requires reasoning about how the environment evolves and planning actions accordingly. Existing world-model-based approaches typically predict future scenes first and plan afterwards, resulting in open-loop imagination…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiqi Liu , Huan Xu , Jingyu Li , Bin Sun , Zhihui Hao , Dangen She , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

Autonomous driving systems depend on on models that can reason about high-level scene contexts and accurately predict the dynamics of their surrounding environment. Vision- Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stefan Englmeier , Katharina Winter , Fabian B. Flohr

Autonomous driving requires reliable perception and safe decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate reasoning and generalization abilities, opening new possibilities for autonomous driving;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zecong Tang , Zixu Wang , Yifei Wang , Weitong Lian , Tianjian Gao , Haoran Li , Tengju Ru , Lingyi Meng , Zhejun Cui , Yichen Zhu , Qi Kang , Kaixuan Wang , Yu Zhang

Recent advancements in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promise for end-to-end autonomous driving by leveraging world knowledge and reasoning capabilities. However, current VLA models often struggle with physically infeasible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zewei Zhou , Tianhui Cai , Seth Z. Zhao , Yun Zhang , Zhiyu Huang , Bolei Zhou , Jiaqi Ma

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong capabilities in understanding and analyzing visual scenes across various domains. However, in the context of autonomous driving, their limited comprehension of 3D environments restricts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jannik Lübberstedt , Esteban Rivera , Nico Uhlemann , Markus Lienkamp

Large language models (LLMs) have opened up new possibilities for intelligent agents, endowing them with human-like thinking and cognitive abilities. In this work, we delve into the potential of large language models (LLMs) in autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Erfei Cui , Wenhai Wang , Zhiqi Li , Jiangwei Xie , Haoming Zou , Hanming Deng , Gen Luo , Lewei Lu , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai

Traditional autonomous driving systems often struggle with reasoning in complex, unexpected scenarios due to limited comprehension of spatial relationships. In response, this study introduces a Large Language Model (LLM)-based Autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Namhee Kim , Woojin Park

End-to-end autonomous driving demonstrates strong planning capabilities with large-scale data but still struggles in complex, rare scenarios due to limited commonsense. In contrast, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bo Jiang , Shaoyu Chen , Bencheng Liao , Xingyu Zhang , Wei Yin , Qian Zhang , Chang Huang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into autonomous driving has attracted significant attention with the hope of improving generalization and explainability. However, existing methods often focus on either driving or vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Katrin Renz , Long Chen , Elahe Arani , Oleg Sinavski

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable high-level semantic reasoning for end-to-end autonomous driving, particularly in unstructured environments, existing off-road datasets suffer from language annotations that are weakly aligned with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Byounggun Park , Soonmin Hwang

Vision-language models (VLMs) enhance the planning capability of end-to-end (E2E) driving policy by leveraging high-level semantic reasoning. However, existing approaches often overlook the dual-system consistency between VLM's high-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuehao Song , Shaoyu Chen , Hao Gao , Yifan Zhu , Weixiang Yue , Jialv Zou , Bo Jiang , Zihao Lu , Yu Wang , Qian Zhang , Xinggang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as promising candidates for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, these models typically face challenges in inference latency, action precision, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jiaru Zhang , Manav Gagvani , Can Cui , Juntong Peng , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have garnered increasing interest in autonomous driving areas, due to their advanced capabilities in complex reasoning tasks essential for highly autonomous vehicle behavior. Despite their potential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ming Nie , Renyuan Peng , Chunwei Wang , Xinyue Cai , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Li Zhang

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving methods still struggle to make correct decisions in interactive closed-loop evaluation due to limited causal reasoning capability. Current methods attempt to leverage the powerful understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haoyu Fu , Diankun Zhang , Zongchuang Zhao , Jianfeng Cui , Dingkang Liang , Chong Zhang , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

With the broader adoption and highly successful development of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been growing interest and demand for applying LLMs to autonomous driving technology. Driven by their natural language understanding and…

Vision-language models (VLMs) show promise for autonomous driving but often lack transparent reasoning capabilities that are critical for safety. We investigate whether explicitly modeling reasoning during fine-tuning enhances VLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Amirhosein Chahe , Lifeng Zhou