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Hoare-style program logics are a popular and effective technique for software verification. Relational program logics are an instance of this approach that enables reasoning about relationships between the execution of two or more programs.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Robert Dickerson , Qianchuan Ye , Michael K. Zhang , Benjamin Delaware

We provide a sound and relatively complete Hoare-like proof system for reasoning about partial correctness of recursive procedures in presence of local variables and the call-by-value parameter mechanism, and in which the correctness proofs…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Krzysztof R. Apt , Frank S. de Boer

We add local variables to quantum relational Hoare logic (Unruh, POPL 2019). We derive reasoning rules for supporting local variables (including an improved "adversary rule"). We extended the qrhl-tool for computer-aided verification of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Dominique Unruh

CoqQ is a framework for reasoning about quantum programs in the Coq proof assistant. Its main components are: a deeply embedded quantum programming language, in which classic quantum algorithms are easily expressed, and an expressive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Li Zhou , Gilles Barthe , Pierre-Yves Strub , Junyi Liu , Mingsheng Ying

We explore the possibility of accelerating the formal verification of classical programs with a quantum computer. A common source of security flaws stems from the existence of common programming errors like use after free, null-pointer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Sebastian Issel , Kilian Tscharke , Pascal Debus

We consider Hoare-style verification for the graph programming language GP 2. In previous work, graph properties were specified by so-called E-conditions which extend nested graph conditions. However, this type of assertions is not easy to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Gia Wulandari , Detlef Plump

We consider Hoare-style verification for the graph programming language GP 2. In previous work, graph properties were specified by so-called E-conditions which extend nested graph conditions. However, this type of assertions is not easy to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Gia S. Wulandari , Detlef Plump

We show that Gottesman's (1998) semantics for Clifford circuits based on the Heisenberg representation gives rise to a lightweight Hoare-like logic for efficiently characterizing a common subset of quantum programs. Our applications include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-21 Aarthi Sundaram , Robert Rand , Kartik Singhal , Brad Lackey

We propose a probabilistic Hoare logic aHL based on the union bound, a tool from basic probability theory. While the union bound is simple, it is an extremely common tool for analyzing randomized algorithms. In formal verification terms,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Gilles Barthe , Marco Gaboardi , Benjamin Grégoire , Justin Hsu , Pierre-Yves Strub

Relational verification of quantum programs has many potential applications in quantum and post-quantum security and other domains. We propose a relational program logic for quantum programs. The interpretation of our logic is based on a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Gilles Barthe , Justin Hsu , Mingsheng Ying , Nengkun Yu , Li Zhou

Nondeterministic choice is a useful program construct that provides a way to describe the behaviour of a program without specifying the details of possible implementations. It supports the stepwise refinement of programs, a method that has…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yuan Feng , Yingte Xu

One-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been…

We argue that verification of recursive programs by means of the assertional method of C.A.R. Hoare can be conceptually simplified using a modular reasoning. In this approach some properties of the program are established first and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-07-27 Krzysztof R. Apt , Frank S. de Boer , Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog

We introduce a novel scheme of quantum recursive programming, in which large unitary transformations, i.e. quantum gates, can be recursively defined using quantum case statements, which are quantum counterparts of conditionals and case…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Mingsheng Ying , Zhicheng Zhang

Classical phase-space variables are normally chosen to promote to quantum operators in order to quantize a given classical system. While classical variables can exploit coordinate transformations to address the same problem, only one set of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-30 John R. Klauder

Deductive verification techniques based on program logics (i.e., the family of Floyd-Hoare logics) are a powerful approach for program reasoning. Recently, there has been a trend of increasing the expressive power of such logics by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Marco Gaboardi , Shin-ya Katsumata , Dominic Orchard , Tetsuya Sato

Many natural program correctness properties can be stated in terms of symmetries, but existing formal methods have little support for reasoning about such properties. We consider how to formally verify a broad class of symmetry properties…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Vaibhav Mehta , Justin Hsu

The application of quantum algorithms to classical problems is generally accompanied by significant bottlenecks when transferring data between quantum and classical states, often negating any intrinsic quantum advantage. Here we address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Omer Rathore , Alastair Basden , Nicholas Chancellor , Halim Kusumaatmaja

Using quantum devices supported by classical computational resources is a promising approach to quantum-enabled computation. One example of such a hybrid quantum-classical approach is the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) built to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Jarrod R. McClean , Mollie E. Schwartz , Jonathan Carter , Wibe A. de Jong

We show that a partial-correctness assertion about an iterative program is provable in Hoare Logic iffit is provable in standard second-order logic with comprehension restricted to first-order predicates. This equivalence was claimed twice…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Daniel Leivant