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Fine-tuning on task-specific datasets is a widely-embraced paradigm of harnessing the powerful capability of pretrained LLMs for various downstream tasks. Due to the popularity of LLMs fine-tuning and its accompanying privacy concerns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Z Liu , J Lou , W Bao , Y Hu , B Li , Z Qin , K Ren

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across tasks but incur substantial computational costs due to their deep, multi-layered architectures. Layer pruning has emerged as a strategy to alleviate these inefficiencies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Anhao Zhao , Fanghua Ye , Yingqi Fan , Junlong Tong , Zhiwei Fei , Hui Su , Xiaoyu Shen

Federated Learning (FL) offers a decentralized framework for training and fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging computational resources across organizations while keeping sensitive data on local devices. It addresses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has transformed the financial industry, enabling advancements in areas such as textual analysis, risk management, and forecasting. Large language models (LLMs) like BloombergGPT and FinMA have set new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jawad Ibn Ahad , Muhammad Rafsan Kabir , Robin Krambroeckers , Sifat Momen , Nabeel Mohammed , Shafin Rahman

Instruction tuning has been identified as a crucial technique for optimizing the performance of large language models (LLMs) in generating human-aligned responses. Nonetheless, gathering diversified and superior-quality instruction data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhuo Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Jintao Huang , Lizhen Qu , Hongzhi Zhang , Qifan Wang , Xun Zhou , Zenglin Xu

Fine-tuning is an essential and pervasive functionality for applying large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. However, it has the potential to substantially degrade safety alignment, e.g., by greatly increasing susceptibility to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiawen Zhang , Yangfan Hu , Kejia Chen , Lipeng He , Jiachen Ma , Jian Lou , Dan Li , Jian Liu , Xiaohu Yang , Ruoxi Jia

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success and are widely adopted for diverse applications. However, fine-tuning these models often involves private or sensitive information, raising critical privacy concerns. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaiyuan Zhang , Siyuan Cheng , Hanxi Guo , Yuetian Chen , Zian Su , Shengwei An , Yuntao Du , Charles Fleming , Ashish Kundu , Xiangyu Zhang , Ninghui Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in on-device applications due to their remarkable performance across real-world tasks. However, on-device LLMs often suffer from suboptimal performance due to hardware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Kai Zhang , Congchao Wang , Liqian Peng , Alec Go , Xiaozhong Liu

Prompt tuning (PT) offers a cost-effective alternative to fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs), requiring only a few parameters in soft prompt tokens added before the input text. However, existing PT approaches face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Pengxiang Lan , Haoyu Xu , Enneng Yang , Yuliang Liang , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Specializing large language models (LLMs) for local deployment in domain-specific use cases is necessary for strong performance while meeting latency and privacy constraints. However, conventional task-specific adaptation approaches do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Lanxiang Hu , Tajana Rosing , Hao Zhang

Recently, Sharma et al. suggested a method called Layer-SElective-Rank reduction (LASER) which demonstrated that pruning high-order components of carefully chosen LLM's weight matrices can boost downstream accuracy -- without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shiva Sreeram , Alaa Maalouf , Pratyusha Sharma , Daniela Rus

Extensive efforts have been made to boost the performance in the domain of language models by introducing various attention-based transformers. However, the inclusion of linear layers with large dimensions contributes to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Priyansh Bhatnagar , Linfeng Wen , Mingu Kang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) raises privacy concerns due to the risk of exposing sensitive training data. Federated learning (FL) mitigates this risk by keeping training samples on local devices, while facing the following…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zhichao You , Xuewen Dong , Ke Cheng , Xutong Mu , Jiaxuan Fu , Shiyang Ma , Qiang Qu , Yulong Shen

The demand for deploying large language models(LLMs) on mobile devices continues to increase, driven by escalating data security concerns and cloud costs. However, network bandwidth and memory limitations pose challenges for deploying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Songwei Liu , Chao Zeng , Lianqiang Li , Chenqian Yan , Lean Fu , Xing Mei , Fangmin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs), renowned for their remarkable performance across diverse domains, present a challenge when it comes to practical deployment due to their colossal model size. In response to this challenge, efforts have been…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often fine-tuned to adapt their general-purpose knowledge to specific tasks and domains such as cyber threat intelligence (CTI). Fine-tuning is mostly done through proprietary datasets that may contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

On-device learning is essential for personalization, privacy, and long-term adaptation in resource-constrained environments. Achieving this requires efficient learning, both fine-tuning existing models and continually acquiring new tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Marco Paul E. Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their scalability raises a critical question: Have we reached the scaling ceiling? This paper addresses this pivotal question by developing a unified theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Charles Luo

The safety mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) exhibit notable fragility, as even fine-tuning on datasets without harmful content may still undermine their safety capabilities. Meanwhile, existing safety alignment methods…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guanghao Zhou , Panjia Qiu , Cen Chen , Hongyu Li , Mingyuan Chu , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou

The efficient compression of large language models (LLMs) has become increasingly popular. However, recovering the performance of compressed LLMs remains a major challenge. The current practice in LLM compression entails the implementation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Changhai Zhou , Shijie Han , Lining Yang , Yuhua Zhou , Xu Cheng , Yibin Wang , Hongguang Li
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