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Related papers: The Complexity Dynamics of Grokking

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Advancements in artificial intelligence call for a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying deep learning. In this work, we propose a theoretical framework to analyze learning dynamics through the lens of dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yuchen Lin , Yong Zhang , Sihan Feng , Hong Zhao

Recent works have shown that on sufficiently over-parametrized neural nets, gradient descent with relatively large initialization optimizes a prediction function in the RKHS of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). This analysis leads to global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-28 Colin Wei , Jason D. Lee , Qiang Liu , Tengyu Ma

Training neural networks with batch normalization and weight decay has become a common practice in recent years. In this work, we show that their combined use may result in a surprising periodic behavior of optimization dynamics: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ekaterina Lobacheva , Maxim Kodryan , Nadezhda Chirkova , Andrey Malinin , Dmitry Vetrov

The contemporary scientific landscape is characterized by a "curse of dimensionality," where our capacity to collect high-dimensional network data frequently outstrips our ability to computationally simulate or intuitively comprehend the…

General Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Zebiao Li , XueYing Wu , Chengyi Tu

Mechanistic interpretability typically relies on post-hoc analysis of trained networks. We instead adopt an interventional approach: testing hypotheses a priori by modifying architectural topology to observe training dynamics. We study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Alper Yıldırım

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) have received much attention recently, owing to their capability in handling graph-structured data. Among the existing GCNNs, many methods can be viewed as instances of a neural message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Tien Huu Do , Duc Minh Nguyen , Giannis Bekoulis , Adrian Munteanu , Nikos Deligiannis

While various complexity measures for deep neural networks exist, specifying an appropriate measure capable of predicting and explaining generalization in deep networks has proven challenging. We propose Neural Complexity (NC), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Yoonho Lee , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Eunho Yang , Seungjin Choi

It is important to understand how dropout, a popular regularization method, aids in achieving a good generalization solution during neural network training. In this work, we present a theoretical derivation of an implicit regularization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

Despite the popularity and success of deep learning, there is limited understanding of when, how, and why neural networks generalize to unseen examples. Since learning can be seen as extracting information from data, we formally study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Hrayr Harutyunyan

The widespread use of diffusion models has led to an abundance of AI-generated data, raising concerns about model collapse -- a phenomenon in which recursive iterations of training on synthetic data lead to performance degradation. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Lianghe Shi , Meng Wu , Huijie Zhang , Zekai Zhang , Molei Tao , Qing Qu

Understanding and controlling the informational complexity of neural networks is a central challenge in machine learning, with implications for generalization, optimization, and model capacity. While most approaches rely on entropy-based…

Deep deraining networks consistently encounter substantial generalization issues when deployed in real-world applications, although they are successful in laboratory benchmarks. A prevailing perspective in deep learning encourages using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jinjin Gu , Xianzheng Ma , Xiangtao Kong , Yu Qiao , Chao Dong

Regularization plays an important role in generalization of deep neural networks, which are often prone to overfitting with their numerous parameters. L1 and L2 regularizers are common regularization tools in machine learning with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Dae Hoon Park , Chiu Man Ho , Yi Chang , Huaqing Zhang

Grokking describes a delayed generalization phenomenon in which a neural network achieves perfect training accuracy long before validation accuracy improves, followed by an abrupt transition to strong generalization. Existing detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Shreel Golwala

In this work, we propose to progressively increase the training difficulty during learning a neural network model via a novel strategy which we call mini-batch trimming. This strategy makes sure that the optimizer puts its focus in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Hannes Fassold

We propose a novel regularization method, called \textit{volumization}, for neural networks. Inspired by physics, we define a physical volume for the weight parameters in neural networks, and we show that this method is an effective way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Liu Ziyin , Zihao Wang , Makoto Yamada , Masahito Ueda

While model compression is increasingly important because of large neural network size, compression-aware training is challenging as it needs sophisticated model modifications and longer training time.In this paper, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Dongsoo Lee , Se Jung Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Jeongin Yun , Baeseong Park , Yongkweon Jeon

This paper theoretically investigates the following empirical phenomenon: given a high-complexity network with poor generalization bounds, one can distill it into a network with nearly identical predictions but low complexity and vastly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Daniel Hsu , Ziwei Ji , Matus Telgarsky , Lan Wang

Background: Deep learning models are typically trained using stochastic gradient descent or one of its variants. These methods update the weights using their gradient, estimated from a small fraction of the training data. It has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-03 Elad Hoffer , Itay Hubara , Daniel Soudry