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This paper introduces an overidentification test of two alternative assumptions to identify the average treatment effect on the treated in a two-period panel data setting: unconfoundedness and common trends. Under the unconfoundedness…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-25 Martin Huber , Eva-Maria Oeß

This study investigates treatment effect estimation in the semi-supervised setting, also can be interpreted as prediction-powered inference. In our setting, we can use not only the standard triple of covariates, treatment indicator, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Masahiro Kato

When evaluating the efficacy of social programs and medical treatments using randomized experiments, the estimated overall average causal effect alone is often of limited value and the researchers must investigate when the treatments do and…

Applications · Statistics 2013-05-27 Kosuke Imai , Marc Ratkovic

Estimating treatment effects conditional on observed covariates can improve the ability to tailor treatments to particular individuals. Doing so effectively requires dealing with potential confounding, and also enough data to adequately…

Based on technological advances in sensing modalities, randomized trials with primary outcomes represented as high-dimensional vectors have become increasingly prevalent. For example, these outcomes could be week-long time-series data from…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-16 Yujin Jeong , Emily Fox , Ramesh Johari

Recently, the characterization based approach for the construction of goodness of fit tests has become popular. Most of the proposed tests have been designed for complete i.i.d. samples. Here we present the adaptation of the recently…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-11 Marija Cuparić , Bojana Milošević

Randomized experiments on social networks pose statistical challenges, due to the possibility of interference between units. We propose new methods for estimating attributable treatment effects in such settings. The methods do not require…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-13 David S. Choi

Inferring treatment effects on a survival time outcome based on data from an observational study is challenging due to the presence of censoring and possible confounding. An additional challenge occurs when a unit's treatment affects the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-13 Chanhwa Lee , Donglin Zeng , Michael Emch , John D. Clemens , Michael G. Hudgens

We consider missingness in the context of causal inference when the outcome of interest may be missing. If the outcome directly affects its own missingness status, i.e., it is "self-censoring", this may lead to severely biased causal effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-12 Jacob M Chen , Daniel Malinsky , Rohit Bhattacharya

Concerns have been expressed over the validity of statistical inference under covariate-adaptive randomization despite the extensive use in clinical trials. In the literature, the inferential properties under covariate-adaptive…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-05 Li Yang , Wei Ma , Yichen Qin , Feifang Hu

Estimating the effect of a treatment on a given outcome, conditioned on a vector of covariates, is central in many applications. However, learning the impact of a treatment on a continuous temporal response, when the covariates suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Guangyi Zhang , Reza Ashrafi , Anne Juuti , Kirsi Pietiläinen , Pekka Marttinen

We provide an approach to exploratory data analysis in matched observational studies with a single intervention and multiple endpoints. In such settings, the researcher would like to explore evidence for actual treatment effects among these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Mengqi Lin , Colin Fogarty

The restricted mean survival time is a clinically easy-to-interpret measure that does not require any assumption of proportional hazards. We focus on two ways to directly model the survival time and adjust the covariates. One is to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-03 Keisuke Hanada , Junji Moriya , Masahiro Kojima

Staggered treatment adoption arises in the evaluation of policy impact and implementation in many settings, including both randomized stepped-wedge trials and non-randomized quasi-experiments with panel data. In both settings, getting an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-14 Lee Kennedy-Shaffer

The aim of clinical effectiveness research using repositories of electronic health records is to identify what health interventions 'work best' in real-world settings. Since there are several reasons why the net benefit of intervention may…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-19 Jie Zhu , Blanca Gallego

In the absence of data from a randomized trial, researchers often aim to use observational data to draw causal inference about the effect of a treatment on a time-to-event outcome. In this context, interest often focuses on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-15 Ted Westling , Alex Luedtke , Peter Gilbert , Marco Carone

Causal effect estimation for dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) contributes to sequential decision making. However, censoring and time-dependent confounding under DTRs are challenging as the amount of observational data declines over time due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Adi Lin , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan , Fujin Zhu , Guangquan Zhang

Randomized clinical trials are often designed to assess whether a test treatment prolongs survival relative to a control treatment. Increased patient heterogeneity, while desirable for generalizability of results, can weaken the ability of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-30 Devan V. Mehrotra , Rachel Marceau West

This paper reviews and compares methods to assess treatment effect heterogeneity in the context of parametric regression models. These methods include the standard likelihood ratio tests, bootstrap likelihood ratio tests, and Goeman's…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-06 Yao Chen , Sophie Sun , Konstantinos Sechidis , Cong Zhang , Torsten Hothorn , Björn Bornkamp

Interval censoring arises frequently in clinical, epidemiological, financial, and sociological studies, where the event or failure of interest is known only to occur within an interval induced by periodic monitoring. We formulate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-01 Donglin Zeng , Lu Mao , D. Y. Lin