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Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

Language models (LMs) and their extension, vision-language models (VLMs), have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they still struggle with complex reasoning tasks that require multimodal or multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wenyi Wu , Zixuan Song , Kun Zhou , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

In recent years, the image and video coding technologies have advanced by leaps and bounds. However, due to the popularization of image and video acquisition devices, the growth rate of image and video data is far beyond the improvement of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Siwei Ma , Xinfeng Zhang , Chuanmin Jia , Zhenghui Zhao , Shiqi Wang , Shanshe Wang

Compression for machines is an emerging field, where inputs are encoded while optimizing the performance of downstream automated analysis. In scalable coding for humans and machines, the compressed representation used for machines is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-19 Alon Harell , Yalda Foroutan , Ivan V. Bajic

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) process a large number of visual tokens, leading to significant computational costs and inefficiency. Instruction-related visual token compression demonstrates strong task relevance, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lei Lei , Jie Gu , Xiaokang Ma , Chu Tang , Jingmin Chen , Tong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) and their multimodal variants can now process visual inputs, including images of text. This raises an intriguing question: can we compress textual inputs by feeding them as images to reduce token usage while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yanhong Li , Zixuan Lan , Jiawei Zhou

Recently, the remarkable advance of the Large Language Model (LLM) has inspired researchers to transfer its extraordinary reasoning capability to both vision and language data. However, the prevailing approaches primarily regard the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Chao Liao , Jianchao Tan , Quzhe Huang , Bin Chen , Chenyi Lei , An Liu , Chengru Song , Xiaoqiang Lei , Di Zhang , Wenwu Ou , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

While neural lossless image compression has advanced significantly with learned entropy models, lossless video compression remains largely unexplored in the neural setting. We present NeuralLVC, a neural lossless video codec that combines…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Tiberio Uricchio , Marco Bertini

Recently, Neural Video Compression (NVC) techniques have achieved remarkable performance, even surpassing the best traditional lossy video codec. However, most existing NVC methods heavily rely on transmitting Motion Vector (MV) to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Feng Wang , Haihang Ruan , Zhihuang Xie , Ronggang Wang , Xiangyu Yue

Visual tokens consume substantial computational resources in multi-modal large models (MLLMs), significantly compromising their efficiency. Recent works have attempted to improve efficiency by compressing visual tokens during training,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zichen Wen , Shaobo Wang , Yufa Zhou , Junyuan Zhang , Qintong Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Zhaorun Chen , Bin Wang , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm in Embodied AI. However, the significant computational overhead of processing redundant visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck for real-time robotic deployment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Jing Zhang , Wenjing Qian

Video-language models (VLMs) face rapid inference costs as visual token counts scale with video length. For example, 32 frames at $448{\times}448$ resolution already yield >8,000 visual tokens in Qwen3-VL, making LLM prefill the dominant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Simin Huo , Ning LI

One key challenge to learning-based video compression is that motion predictive coding, a very effective tool for video compression, can hardly be trained into a neural network. In this paper we propose the concept of PixelMotionCNN (PMCNN)…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Zhibo Chen , Tianyu He , Xin Jin , Feng Wu

Visual sensors serve as a critical component of the Internet of Things (IoT). There is an ever-increasing demand for broad applications and higher resolutions of videos and cameras in smart homes and smart cities, such as in security…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-30 Amir Fotovvat , Khan A. Wahid

We present an end-to-end trainable framework for P-frame compression in this paper. A joint motion vector (MV) and residual prediction network MV-Residual is designed to extract the ensembled features of motion representations and residual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-28 XiangJi Wu , Ziwen Zhang , Jie Feng , Lei Zhou , Junmin Wu

Autoregressive video diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable progress, yet they remain bottlenecked by intractable linear KV-cache growth, temporal repetition, and compounding errors during long-video generation. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xiaofeng Mao , Shaohao Rui , Kaining Ying , Bo Zheng , Chuanhao Li , Mingmin Chi , Kaipeng Zhang

The development of unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the granularity gap between visual understanding and generation: understanding requires high-level semantic abstractions, while image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Li , Ning Liao , Xiangyu Zhao , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaoxing Wang , Yifan Yang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

The visual projector serves as an essential bridge between the visual encoder and the Large Language Model (LLM) in a Multimodal LLM (MLLM). Typically, MLLMs adopt a simple MLP to preserve all visual contexts via one-to-one transformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wentong Li , Yuqian Yuan , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Song Wang , Jie Qin , Jianke Zhu , Lei Zhang

In recent years, video compression techniques have been significantly challenged by the rapidly increased demands associated with high quality and immersive video content. Among various compression tools, post-processing can be applied on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-21 Fan Zhang , Di Ma , Chen Feng , David R. Bull

In recent years, resolution adaptation based on deep neural networks has enabled significant performance gains for conventional (2D) video codecs. This paper investigates the effectiveness of spatial resolution resampling in the context of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-28 Angeliki Katsenou , Fan Zhang , David Bull