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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have extended the success of large language models (LLMs) to multiple data types, such as image, text and audio, achieving significant performance in various domains, including multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weiqi Feng , Yangrui Chen , Shaoyu Wang , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Minlan Yu

In robotic task planning, symbolic planners using rule-based representations like PDDL are effective but struggle with long-sequential tasks in complicated environments due to exponentially increasing search space. Meanwhile, LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Minseo Kwon , Yaesol Kim , Young J. Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for image understanding tasks, yet their practical deployment remains hindered by significant architectural heterogeneity across model families. This paper introduces UVLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Joan Perez , Giovanni Fusco

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

We introduce UViM, a unified approach capable of modeling a wide range of computer vision tasks. In contrast to previous models, UViM has the same functional form for all tasks; it requires no task-specific modifications which require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Alexander Kolesnikov , André Susano Pinto , Lucas Beyer , Xiaohua Zhai , Jeremiah Harmsen , Neil Houlsby

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in diverse multimodal tasks. However, user requirements vary across scenarios, which can be categorized into fast response, high-quality output, and low energy consumption. Relying solely on large models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Xin Tang , Youfang Han , Fangfei Gou , Wei Zhao , Xin Meng , Yang Yu , Jinguo Zhang , Yuanchun Shi , Yuntao Wang , Tengxiang Zhang

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to write policy code for controlling robots has gained significant attention. However, in long-horizon implicative tasks, this approach often results in API parameter, comments and sequencing errors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zixi Jia , Hongbin Gao , Fashe Li , Jiqiang Liu , Hexiao Li , Qinghua Liu

Autoregressive vision-language models (VLMs) can handle many tasks within a single model, yet the representations that enable this capability remain opaque. We find that VLMs align conceptually equivalent inputs into a shared task vector,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Grace Luo , Trevor Darrell , Amir Bar

We introduce Orion, a visual agent that integrates vision-based reasoning with tool-augmented execution to achieve powerful, precise, multi-step visual intelligence across images, video, and documents. Unlike traditional vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 N Dinesh Reddy , Dylan Snyder , Lona Kiragu , Mirajul Mohin , Shahrear Bin Amin , Sudeep Pillai

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning, complex optimization tasks remain challenging, requiring domain knowledge and robust implementation. However, existing benchmarks focus narrowly on Mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Xinyu Zhang , Boxuan Zhang , Yuchen Wan , Lingling Zhang , YiXing Yao , Bifan Wei , Yaqiang Wu , Jun Liu

In this paper, we introduce ILLUME, a unified multimodal large language model (MLLM) that seamlessly integrates multimodal understanding and generation capabilities within a single large language model through a unified next-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Chunwei Wang , Guansong Lu , Junwei Yang , Runhui Huang , Jianhua Han , Lu Hou , Wei Zhang , Hang Xu

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit advanced capabilities in tasks that require visual information, including object detection. These capabilities have promising applications in various industrial domains, such as autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haruki Sakajo , Hiroshi Takato , Hiroshi Tsutsui , Komei Soda , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced vision-language reasoning and are increasingly deployed in embodied agents. However, significant limitations remain: MLLMs generalize poorly across digital-physical spaces and…

LVLMs have been shown to perform excellently in image-level tasks such as VQA and caption. However, in many instance-level tasks, such as visual grounding and object detection, LVLMs still show performance gaps compared to previous expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Teng Fu , Mengyang Zhao , Ke Niu , Kaixin Peng , Bin Li

Effective human-robot collaboration depends on task-oriented handovers, where robots present objects in ways that support the partners intended use. However, many existing approaches neglect the humans post-handover action, relying on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Andreea Tulbure , Rene Zurbruegg , Timm Grigat , Marco Hutter

Recent studies leverage large language models with multi-tasking capabilities, using natural language prompts to guide the model's behavior and surpassing performance of task-specific models. Motivated by this, we ask: can we build a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Siddhant Arora , Hayato Futami , Jee-weon Jung , Yifan Peng , Roshan Sharma , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Karen Livescu , Shinji Watanabe

Large language models are built on top of a transformer-based architecture to process textual inputs. For example, the LLaMA stands out among many open-source implementations. Can the same transformer be used to process 2D images? In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xiangxiang Chu , Jianlin Su , Bo Zhang , Chunhua Shen

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in automating labor-intensive and complex activities, i.e., those consisting of multiple atomic tasks, by deploying robots in dynamic and unpredictable environments such as industrial and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Francesco Argenziano , Elena Umili , Francesco Leotta , Daniele Nardi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in visual-language understanding, demonstrating superior high-level semantic alignment within their vision encoders. An important question thus arises: Can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yikun Liu , Yuan Liu , Shangzhe Di , Haicheng Wang , Zhongyin Zhao , Le Tian , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Jiangchao Yao , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie